Activation of defense-related gene expression and systemic acquired resistance in cucumber mosaic virus-infected tobacco plants expressing the mammalian 2?5?oligoadenylate system

2003 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honda ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
T. Toguri ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
S. Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Infected Tobacco

Characterization of siRNAs derived from cucumber mosaic virus in infected tobacco plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (7) ◽  
pp. 2077-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Qiu ◽  
Yongjiang Zhang ◽  
Fan Hu ◽  
Shuifang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Infected Tobacco

scholarly journals The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus is essential for viral infection of the shoot apical meristem and for efficient invasion of leaf primordia in infected tobacco plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 3015-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Sunpapao ◽  
Takashi Nakai ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Tomofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Satoshi T. Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
2B Protein ◽  
Infected Tobacco

It has been reported previously that a 2b protein-defective mutant of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Pepo strain (Δ2b) induces only mild symptoms in systemically infected tobacco plants. To clarify further the role of the 2b protein as an RNA silencing suppressor in mosaic symptom expression during CMV infection, this study monitored the sequential distribution of Δ2b in the shoot meristem and leaf primordia (LP) of inoculated tobacco. Time-course histochemical observations revealed that Δ2b was distributed in the shoot meristem at 7 days post-inoculation (p.i.), but could not invade shoot apical meristem (SAM) and quickly disappeared from the shoot meristem, whereas wild-type (Pepo) transiently appeared in SAM from 4 to 10 days p.i. In LP, Δ2b signals were detected only at 14 and 21 days p.i., whereas dense Pepo signals were observed in LP from 4 to 18 days p.i. Northern blot analysis showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from Δ2b RNA accumulated earlier in the shoot meristem and LP than that of Pepo. However, a similar amount of siRNA was detected in both Pepo- and Δ2b-infected plants at late time points. Tissue printing analysis of the inoculated leaves indicated that the areas infected by Pepo increased faster than those infected by Δ2b, whereas accumulation of Δ2b in protoplasts was similar to that of Pepo. These findings suggest that the 2b protein of the CMV Pepo strain determines virulence by facilitating the distribution of CMV in the shoot meristem and LP via prevention of RNA silencing and/or acceleration of cell-to-cell movement.

scholarly journals Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Maria C. Holeva ◽  
Athanasios Sklavounos ◽  
Rajendran Rajeswaran ◽  
Mikhail M. Pooggin ◽  
Andreas E. Voloudakis
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Noreen Falak ◽  
Qari Muhammad Imran ◽  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Byung-Wook Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.

Overexpression of the TIR-X gene results in a dwarf phenotype and activation of defense-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Tamao Saito ◽  
Hidetaka Ito ◽  
Yoshibumi Komeda ◽  
Atsushi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
X Gene

Differential Regulation of Defense-Related Gene Expression in Response to Red Rot Pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Infection in Sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Prathima ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
P. R. Rahul ◽  
V. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Defense Related Gene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document