A study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with African swine fever virus genotype II

2015 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hovakim Zakaryan ◽  
Victorya Cholakyans ◽  
Lusine Simonyan ◽  
Alla Misakyan ◽  
Elena Karalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype Ii

scholarly journals First Oral Vaccination of Eurasian Wild Boar Against African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Barasona ◽  
Carmina Gallardo ◽  
Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Jurado ◽  
Belén Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Genotype Ii

scholarly journals First-Time Presence of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka J. Adedeji ◽  
Pam D. Luka ◽  
Rebecca B. Atai ◽  
Toyin A. Olubade ◽  
Dupe A. Hambolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Partial Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genotype Ii

A confirmed African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in Nigeria was further investigated by partial sequencing of B464L and E183L genes of the ASF virus (ASFV). Results revealed the first-time presence of ASFV genotype II in Nigeria and West Africa. This finding has serious implications for control measures and food security.

African swine fever virus genotype II in Mongolia, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar ◽  
Tserenchimed Sainnokhoi ◽  
Buyantogtokh Khanui ◽  
Gerelmaa Ulziibat ◽  
Tserenjav Jargalsaikhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype Ii

scholarly journals BA71ΔCD2: a New Recombinant Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus with Cross-Protective Capabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula L. Monteagudo ◽  
Anna Lacasta ◽  
Elisabeth López ◽  
Laia Bosch ◽  
Javier Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Attenuated Viruses ◽  
Genotype Ii

ABSTRACT African swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease of mandatory declaration to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The lack of available vaccines makes its control difficult; thus, African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a major threat to the swine industry. Inactivated vaccines do not confer solid protection against ASFV. Conversely, live attenuated viruses (LAV), either naturally isolated or obtained by genetic manipulation, have demonstrated reliable protection against homologous ASFV strains, although little or no protection has been demonstrated against heterologous viruses. Safety concerns are a major issue for the use of ASFV attenuated vaccine candidates and have hampered their implementation in the field so far. While trying to develop safer and efficient ASFV vaccines, we found that the deletion of the viral CD2v (EP402R) gene highly attenuated the virulent BA71 strain in vivo. Inoculation of pigs with the deletion mutant virus BA71ΔCD2 conferred protection not only against lethal challenge with the parental BA71 but also against the heterologous E75 (both genotype I strains). The protection induced was dose dependent, and the cross-protection observed in vivo correlated with the ability of BA71ΔCD2 to induce specific CD8+ T cells capable of recognizing both BA71 and E75 viruses in vitro. Interestingly, 100% of the pigs immunized with BA71ΔCD2 also survived lethal challenge with Georgia 2007/1, the genotype II strain of ASFV currently circulating in continental Europe. These results open new avenues to design ASFV cross-protective vaccines, essential to fight ASFV in areas where the virus is endemic and where multiple viruses are circulating. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains enzootic in most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, today representing a major threat for the development of their swine industry. The uncontrolled presence of ASFV has favored its periodic exportation to other countries, the last event being in Georgia in 2007. Since then, ASFV has spread toward neighboring countries, reaching the European Union's east border in 2014. The lack of available vaccines against ASFV makes its control difficult; so far, only live attenuated viruses have demonstrated solid protection against homologous experimental challenges, but they have failed at inducing solid cross-protective immunity against heterologous viruses. Here we describe a new LAV candidate with unique cross-protective abilities: BA71ΔCD2. Inoculation of BA71ΔCD2 protected pigs not only against experimental challenge with BA71, the virulent parental strain, but also against heterologous viruses, including Georgia 2007/1, the genotype II strain of ASFV currently circulating in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Differential vector competence of Ornithodoros soft ticks for African swine fever virus: What if it involves more than just crossing organic barriers in ticks?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Pereira De Oliveira ◽  
Evelyne Hutet ◽  
Renaud Lancelot ◽  
Frédéric Paboeuf ◽  
Maxime Duhayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Ii

Abstract Background Several species of soft ticks in genus Ornithodoros are known vectors and reservoirs of African swine fever virus (ASFV). However, the underlying mechanisms of vector competence for ASFV across Ornithodoros species remain to be fully understood. To that end, this study compared ASFV replication and dissemination as well as virus vertical transmission to descendants between Ornithodorosmoubata, O. erraticus, and O. verrucosus in relation to what is known about the ability of these soft tick species to transmit ASFV to pigs. To mimic the natural situation, a more realistic model was used where soft ticks were exposed to ASFV by allowing them to engorge on viremic pigs. Methods Ornithodoros moubata ticks were infected with the ASFV strains Liv13/33 (genotype I) or Georgia2007/1 (genotype II), O. erraticus with OurT88/1 (genotype I) or Georgia2007/1 (genotype II), and O. verrucosus with Ukr12/Zapo (genotype II), resulting in five different tick–virus pairs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the VP72 ASFV gene was carried out over several months on crushed ticks to study viral replication kinetics. Viral titration assays were also carried out on crushed ticks 2 months post infection to confirm virus survival in soft ticks. Ticks were dissected. and DNA was individually extracted from the following organs to study ASFV dissemination: intestine, salivary glands, and reproductive organs. DNA extracts from each organ were tested by qPCR. Lastly, larval or first nymph-stage progeny emerging from hatching eggs were tested by qPCR to assess ASFV vertical transmission. Results Comparative analyses revealed higher rates of ASFV replication and dissemination in O. moubata infected with Liv13/33, while the opposite was observed for O. erraticus infected with Georgia2007/1 and for O. verrucosus with Ukr12/Zapo. Intermediate profiles were found for O. moubata infected with Georgia2007/1 and for O. erraticus with OurT88/1. Vertical transmission occurred efficiently in O. moubata infected with Liv13/33, and at very low rates in O. erraticus infected with OurT88/1. Conclusions This study provides molecular data indicating that viral replication and dissemination in Ornithodoros ticks are major mechanisms underlying ASFV horizontal and vertical transmission. However, our results indicate that other determinants beyond viral replication also influence ASFV vector competence. Further research is required to fully understand this process in soft ticks.

scholarly journals Detection of African swine fever virus genotype XV in a sylvatic cycle in Saadani National Park, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Peter ◽  
Eunice Machuka ◽  
Dedan Githae ◽  
Edward Okoth ◽  
Sarah Cleaveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle

scholarly journals Newly emerged African swine fever virus strain Belgium/Etalle/wb/2018: Complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis with reference p72 genotype II strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2566-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautier Gilliaux ◽  
Mutien Garigliany ◽  
Alain Licoppe ◽  
Julien Paternostre ◽  
Christophe Lesenfants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Complete Genomic Sequence ◽  
Genotype Ii ◽  
Complete Genomic

scholarly journals Subunit Vaccine Approaches for African Swine Fever Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha N. Gaudreault ◽  
Juergen A. Richt
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Genotype Ii

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of a highly fatal disease in swine, for which there is no available vaccine. The disease is highly contagious and poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. Since its introduction to the Caucasus region in 2007, a highly virulent, genotype II strain of ASFV has continued to circulate and spread into Eastern Europe and Russia, and most recently into Western Europe, China, and various countries of Southeast Asia. This review summarizes various ASFV vaccine strategies that have been investigated, with focus on antigen-, DNA-, and virus vector-based vaccines. Known ASFV antigens and the determinants of protection against ASFV versus immunopathological enhancement of infection and disease are also discussed.

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