A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions in a group of Egyptian children over 21 years

Objectives The goal of the current study was to evaluate the relative frequency of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions among Egyptian children. Materials and methods Records of biopsies submitted to the department of oral and maxillofacial pathology from the year 1999 to 2019 were retrieved and reassessed for all cases under the age of 18 years. Information on age, sex, location of the lesion, and the histopathologic diagnosis was analyzed. Results Over the course of twenty-one years, 1108 specimens were analyzed where reactive soft tissue lesions, which accounted for 397 (35.8%) of all cases ranked the highest presented category, followed by inflammatory odontogenic cysts, which accounted for 213 cases (19.2%). With 208 cases, the inflammatory radicular cyst was on the top of the most common 20 lesions, followed by pyogenic granuloma (160 cases). Malignancy was found in 19 cases, with soft tissue tumors (10 cases) being the most common, followed by salivary gland (5 cases) and bone pathologies (4 cases). Conclusions The frequency of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions among Egyptian children increased over the years but remained consistent with global trends. Clinical relevance This is the first study evaluating the relative frequency of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions among Egyptian children and provides an insight into the most commonly encountered pediatric pathologies. This may aid in the understanding of the most prevalent oral lesions that impact the pediatric population, as well as providing the key to early detection of lesions.

COVID-19 Pulmonary Pathology: The Experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists throughout the First Two Waves of the Pandemic

Autoptic studies of patients who died from COVID-19 constitute an important step forward in improving our knowledge in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Systematic analyses of lung tissue, the organ primarily targeted by the disease, were mostly performed during the first wave of the pandemic. Analyses of pathological lesions at different times offer a good opportunity to better understand the disease and how its evolution has been influenced mostly by new SARS-CoV-2 variants or the different therapeutic approaches. In this short report we summarize responses collected from a questionnaire survey that investigated important pathological data during the first two pandemic waves (spring-summer 2020; autumn-winter 2020–2021). The survey was submitted to expert lung pathologists from nine European countries involved in autoptic procedures in both pandemic waves. The frequency of each lung lesion was quite heterogeneous among the participants. However, a higher frequency of pulmonary superinfections, both bacterial and especially fungal, was observed in the second wave compared to the first. Obtaining a deeper knowledge of the pathological lesions at the basis of this complex and severe disease, which change over time, is crucial for correct patient management and treatment. Autoptic examination is a useful tool to achieve this goal.

Real Color Sectioned Images and Correspondence with Ultrasound Images of the Palmar Wrist

The aim of this study was to identify sequential changes in the actual sites and shapes of wrist structures on the high-resolution sectioned images and to compare these with those on ultrasound (US) images. These images of the wrist may yield guidelines for diagnosing various pathological lesions in the wrist. In the sectioned images of a whole cadaver body, and the images including the wrist were selected, and part of the hand was cropped. A wrist of one healthy Korean subject was scanned by ultrasonography to obtain US images of the wrist. Wrist structures were identified and labeled in detail on the sectioned images and the corresponding US images. Serial changes of the sites and shapes of the wrist structures mainly occurred in the bones, median nerve, ulnar artery, ulnar nerve, and the flexor pollicis longus tendon, along with thickening of the thenar and hypothenar muscles. The present results could provide a new guide for anatomy mapping, diagnosing, and detecting various lesions of the wrist. They can also be useful and effective for educational purposes related to interpreting US images.

Spectrum of Lesions in the Fallopian Tubes – A Histopathogical Study

Introduction: The Fallopian tubes are a pair of narrow tubular structures connecting the ovary and the uterus. It is usually the site of fertilization and plays a very important role in the fusion of the sperm and ovary and helps in movement of the fertilized zygote to the uterus. Even though being an organ of very small size the importance of the variety of lesions occurring in the fallopian tubes is often not considered. Biopsies of the fallopian tubes are taken to show the different lesions found in the tubes. Aim: The main aim of the study is to study the spectrum of lesions occurring in the fallopian tubes and correlation of these findings with its clinical parameters. Study Design: This is a retrospective descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai between June 2019- December 2019. Methodology: A retrospective study of all the fallopian tube specimens sent for routine histopathological analysis over a period of 6 months was carried out. The different pathological lesions were observed from the relevant clinical data and the correlation with its clinical parameters was done. Results: A sample size of 77 specimens was collected among which the commonest age group which was found to have the highest number of lesions was between 26-30 years. This was found to be in correlation to the reproductive age group of women. The most common form of pathological lesion observed was ectopic pregnancy (about 46% of total pathological lesions), followed by Paratubal cysts (23%), Hydrosalpinx (15%) and Hematosalpinx (8%). Cystadenoma was the only benign tumor observed in this study and constituted 8% of the total pathological lesions. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of histopathological examination of all fallopian tube specimens with or without abnormal findings.

Isolation, Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma Putrefaciens Local Strains and Its Associated Pathological Lesions in Goats

Mycoplasma putrifaciens (Mp) is a dreadful pathogen that causes a severe, usually fatal disease in domestic goats known as MAKePS syndrome in small ruminants. The present lack of effective diagnostic and control measures leaves Pakistani farmers at perpetual great risk of financially disastrous MAKePS outbreaks. Thus far, very limited information is available on the detection and molecular characterization of the unique Mp strains prevalent in Pakistan. This study was proposed to apply modern molecular techniques to characterize endemic Mp isolates and their associated specific lesions in goats to devise an effective control strategies. For the collection of samples Northern areas of Pakistan were focused including Chitral, Gilgit and Swat. Samples were collected from Mycoplasma putrifaciens suspected animals (Chitral n=200, Gilgit n=200, Swat n=200). Clinical samples including nasal swab (NS) and synovial fluid (SF) from live animals (n=50), whereas pleural fluid (PF) and lungs samples from dead goats (n=50) were collected from each representative northern area of Pakistan. All samples were subjected to isolation of Mp local strain, while tissue samples were examined for pathological lesions. Culture positive PPLO broth was first confirmed for Mp by specific PCR. From Gilgit Baltistan 38.83% samples were found positive for Mp by PCR, whereas 25% and 19.38% samples from Chitral and Swat, respectively, were detected positive for Mp by generating an amplicon of 540 bp. The PCR positive PPLO broth samples were cultured on PPLO agar for isolation of Mp. A single colony with fried egg like appearance was picked and sub-cultured in PPLO broth for purification and later on confirmed with PCR. The Histopathological study of lungs showed that there was emphysema, rupture of alveoli, in bronchioles ciliated epithelium were sloughed and infiltration of leukocytes. We successfully isolated and purified Mp local strain prevalent in northern area of Pakistan. The Mp was detected prevalent in 27.76% goats of Northern regions by PCR. This study laid down a foundation to develop an effective diagnostic kit and vaccine against Mp infection in Goats.

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation SIRT3, modulation mitochondrial dynamics and antioxidant effects

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade is the mainstay of CKD therapy with limitations. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a traditional herbal decoction and has been used for treating CKD for decades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention effects of combined used of perindopril erbumine (PE) and JPYSF on CKD progression and explore their underlying mechanisms. CKD rat model was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.75% w/w adenine for 3 weeks. CKD rats were treated with PE or JPYSF or PE+JPYSF from the induction of CKD and lasted 4 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Pathological lesions were observed by periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining. The protein expression was tested by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that combined used of PE and JPYSF could better improve renal function and pathological lesions and ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD rats. Administration of PE and JPYSF enhanced sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, inhibited mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and suppressed oxidative stress in the kidney of CKD rats. In conclusion, combined use of PE and JPYSF protected against CKD more effectively than either alone. The underlying mechanism may be associated with activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and antioxidant effects.