Deep sequencing and analysis of small RNAs in sweet orange grafted on sour orange infected with two citrus tristeza virus isolates prevalent in Sicily

2015 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2583-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Licciardello ◽  
Giuseppe Scuderi ◽  
Rosario Ferraro ◽  
Annalisa Giampetruzzi ◽  
Marcella Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

scholarly journals Severity of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates from Texas

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Herron ◽  
T.E. Mirkov ◽  
N. N. Solís-Gracia ◽  
C.J. Kahlke ◽  
M. Skaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Mexican Lime ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates collected from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas and east Texas were characterized using citrus indicators and molecular methods. The citrus indicators were Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia), sour orange (C. aurantium), sweet orange (C. sinensis) grafted to sour orange, Duncan grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and Madam Vinous sweet orange, with some CTV isolates additionally indexed using the Texas commercial grapefruit cvs. Rio Red and Star Ruby, and Marrs and N-33 sweet orange. Severity ratings used 11 biotype groups or cumulative mean relative indices. Molecular characterization was carried out using poly- and monoclonal antibodies, seven strain-specific probes and single-stranded conformational polymorphism, and all were based on the CTV major coat protein or gene. All Texas CTV isolates produced vein clearing symptoms on inoculated Mexican lime plants. Over half of the CTV isolates tested were placed in biotype groups IX and X (causing decline of sweet orange on sour orange, seedling yellows on sour orange and grapefruit seedlings, and stem pitting of grapefruit or sweet orange), and one isolate was in biotype I (mild).

scholarly journals Separation of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates in Mixed Infections through Transfer by Single Brown Citrus Aphids

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Youjian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Toxoptera Citricida ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

One hundred single brown citrus aphid (BCA) (Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy) transmission attempts were made from each of 16 different citrus trees [8 grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and 8 sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck)] previously inoculated with decline-inducing (T36-CTV), non-decline-inducing (T30-CTV), a mixture of the two Citrus tristeza virus isolate types, or no CTV. Successful CTV transmission occurred in 1.5% of attempts from grapefruit trees that had been bark-chip-inoculated with T36-CTV, 3% of attempts from orange trees inoculated with T36-CTV, 3% of attempts from grapefruit trees inoculated with both T36- and T30-CTV, 4% of attempts from orange trees inoculated with both T36- and T30-CTV, 1.5% of attempts from grapefruit trees inoculated with T30-CTV, and 3.5% of attempts from orange trees inoculated with T30-CTV. Single BCA were able to recover T30-like-CTV from trees believed to be inoculated only with T36-CTV, and T36-like-CTV from trees believed to be inoculated only with T30-CTV, suggesting that these inoculum sources were also mixtures of T36-CTV and T30-CTV. The T36-CTV was not immunologically detectable in some of the trees from which it was transmitted indicating that single BrCA can recover T36-CTV from a T36-CTV/T30-CTV mixture in which the T36-CTV is an undetectable, minority component.

Citrus tristeza virus (citrus tristeza).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Cambra
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Abstract CTV is the most economically important virus pathogen of citrus worldwide. About 100 million citrus trees on sour orange have been killed by CTV decline epidemics in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Florida and California (USA), Israel, Spain, and other locations. With current estimates of approximately 45 million trees on sour orange killed by CTV in Spain (Cambra et al., 2000a; Vidal et al., 2012) from 1935 to date without T. citricida implication. It is estimated that worldwide, mainly in the Mediterranean basin citrus industries, there are over 200 million trees on sour orange rootstock which are at risk to this disease. Sour orange is popular because it produces a vigorous tree with high quality fruit, is adaptable to many soil conditions including high lime and salt content, and has tolerance to many other viruses, viroids and virus-like pathogens, and to Phytophthora. The use of tristeza-tolerant rootstocks often risks losses from other factors. In addition to decline, many severe CTV isolates cause stem pitting diseases of susceptible scion cultivars and these occur even when tolerant rootstocks are used. Stem pitting weakens trees and eventually reduces fruit size, quality and quantity (Marais et al., 1996). Grapefruit and lime are very sensitive to stem pitting. Sweet orange is more tolerant but can be severely affected by some isolates. Mandarin is the most tolerant among the main citrus cultivars against SP isolates.

scholarly journals Natural Field Spread of Decline and Nondecline Inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Florida after the Introduction of the Brown Citrus Aphid

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Powell ◽  
R.R. Pelosi ◽  
M.S. Burton ◽  
P.A. Rundell ◽  
M.A. Ritenour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

The effectiveness of seven different aphid control regimes in delaying movement of decline (DI) and nondecline (NDI) inducing isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) into a CTV-free sweet orange scion on sour orange rootstock block was monitored annually for 5 years beginning in 1999, 2 years after the introduction of the brown citrus aphid (BrCA) into the region. After 5 years, the mean percentages of infection with DI CTV were 19, 19, 17, 29, 23, 19, or 14 for trees treated annually with imidocloprid, every 6 months with imidocloprid, every 3 months with imidocloprid, every 2 months with imidocloprid, annually with Temik, annually with Meta Systox-R, or untreated, respectively. The mean percentages of infection (after 5 years) with only NDI isolates of CTV for the seven treatments were 40, 31, 33, 38, 38, 38, or 33. There was no significant difference (after 5 years) among either the DI or NDI CTV treatment means. The overall 5-year infection percentage for DI CTV (20%) was somewhat lower than that reported before the introduction of the BrCA (27%) (11). Aphid densities (Toxoptera citricidus and Aphis spiraecola) varied considerably from year to year. Good aphid control was achieved with all four imidocloprid treatments, but not with Temik or Meta Systox-R. The level of aphid control did not influence overall CTV infection percentages.

scholarly journals Natural Field Spread of Mild and Severe Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Powell ◽  
R. R. Pelosi ◽  
R. C. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Severe Isolate ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

The effectiveness of five different aphid control regimes in delaying movement of mild and severe isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) into a CTV-free sweet orange scion on sour orange rootstock block was monitored annually for 5 years, using severe isolate-specific and isolate-nonspecific monoclonal antibodies. The average percentage of trees infected with a severe isolate of CTV was 32, 32, 20, 25, and 28 for trees treated with Temik, Temik + Meta-Systox R (MSR), MSR, stylet oil, or no aphid control, respectively, at the conclusion of the experiment (5 years). These percentages were not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). The average percentage of trees infected only with mild isolates was 13, 10, 7, 7, and 17 for the above treatments, respectively. The infection with mild isolates was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) with no aphid control than with stylet oil or MSR treatments.

scholarly journals Suppression of Decline-inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus by Nondecline-inducing Isolates

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Phyllis A. Rundell ◽  
Robert R. Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Bark chips from six container-grown citrus trees, infected with nondecline-inducing citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates and maintained in a vector-free greenhouse for 10 years, 15 commercial grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees, and 16 commercial sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees were used to inoculate three indicator plants each of `Madam Vinous' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], sour orange (C. aurantium L.), `Duncan' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), `Mexican' lime [C. aurantifolia (Christm.)], Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliota (L.) Raf.], and sour orange grafted with `Hamlin' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. All plants providing bark chips had repeatedly tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CTV [reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 17G11], but tested negative for Florida decline-inducing isolates of CTV (did not react with MAb MCA13). After 6 months in vector-free greenhouses, all in oculated trees (except Swingle citrumelo, which is considered CTV resistant) were positive for CTV by 17G11 ELISA. In addition, some indicator plants inoculated from nine (two container, two commercial grapefruit, and five commercial orange trees) of the 37 bark chip source trees also were positive for decline-inducing CTV by MCA13 ELISA. Some of these positive indicators also showed vein-clearing symptoms characteristic of infection with a severe isolate of CTV. No control, noninoculated indicators in the same greenhouse, became infected with either decline-inducing or nondecline-inducing CTV. These results indicate that decline-inducing isolates of CTV can be present as a minor component of a mixture at levels undetectable by ELISA, and that these decline-inducing isolates can become detectable by ELISA and sometimes by symptoms when inoculated into indicator plants.

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