Distribution of the hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Indonesia: implications for ethnic heterogeneityand infection control measures

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students concerning infection control measures and to check the correlation, if any, among knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students concerning infection control measures in dental setups. Materials and Methods: A total of 1200 students from first to final year and interns from three different colleges were included in the study. Results: A total of 95.83% think isolation is important. Only 4.1% have been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and 95% with tetanus vaccine. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and behaviour of infection control measures was average, for which the reasons could be inadequate training, supply of protective equipments and mainly carelessness. Key Words- Infection control, Vaccination, Isolation.

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P1489HEPATITIS B AND C IN DIALYSIS UNITS IN ALMATY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Arina Yespotayeva ◽

Kairat Kabulbayev ◽

Abduzhappar Gaipov ◽

Zauresh Amreyeva ◽

Zhanar Mursalova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Infection Control ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Control Measures ◽

Blood Transfusions ◽

Preventive Behaviors ◽

Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽

History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Patients getting maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the HD population of Almaty dialysis units as well as risk factors for infection. Method All adult patients getting maintenance HD (n=700) in Almaty dialysis centres (n=4) were studied between May 2016 and December 2019. Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies was performed at initiation of dialysis and every 3–6 months thereafter. Serological markers for HBV and HCV were determined with immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results Participant median age was 40 years and 58% were male. 110 patients (34.9%) were sero-positive for HBV and/or HCV (anti-HCV positive 31.1%; HBsAg positive 2.6%; both positive 1.2%). Of the sero-positive patients 4.7% were known to be infected before the initiation of HD. The prevalence of HBV±HCV infection varied widely between HD centres from 0% to 75.9%. Sero-positive patients were younger, had longer time on dialysis and more previous blood transfusions. Wide variation in rates of newly acquired infections was observed between dialysis centres. All new HBV cases were referred from centres already treating HBV infected patients. New HCV infections were reported in most centres but the rate of HCV sero-conversion varied widely from 1.5% to 31%. Duration of dialysis, history of previous renal transplant and history of receiving HD in another centre in Almaty were significantly associated with sero-conversion. Major risk factors identified by a standard questionnaire in 302 of 270 patients were the number of blood transfusions individuals had received and duration of dialysis, the latter including patients who received no blood transfusions Conclusion HBV and HCV prevalence in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients. In summary, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Personal Protective Measures Adapted by Dental Practitioners in Agra City - A Cross Infection Control Measure

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/johcd-8-3-128 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 128-130

Author(s):

R Gupta ◽

NA Ingle ◽

N Kaur ◽

HV Dubey ◽

E Ingle

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Infection Control ◽

Control Measure ◽

Infection Control Measure ◽

Control Measures ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Universal Precautions ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Agra City

ABSTRACT Introduction CDC (Center for Disease Control & prevention), who proposed Universal Precautions, states that “Treat each patient as potentially risk”. Therefore, it is our basic responsibility to control the spread of such devastating diseases by following infection control measures. Aims & Objectives To assess the various personal protective measures adapted by dental practitioners in Agra city and to know how many dentists are vaccinated against Hepatitis B for prevention of the spread of this disease. Materials and Methods The study included response using questionnaire from 150 dental practitioners from Agra city, chosen by random sampling. Questions were related to their personal protective measures employed by the dental practitioners and information about their prophylaxis against Hepatitis B was also obtained. Results Among the dental practitioners, 80% were males. Approximately 82% of the dental practitioners were vaccinated against HBV. Only 6% followed the CDC recommendations for hand washing practices, and about 64% dental practitioners gave wrong answers related to droplet infection. Conclusion Lack of awareness regarding universal precautions proposed by CDC is observed among dental practitioners. There is a great need for creating awareness among dental practitioners.

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