Awareness Regarding Universal Safety Precaution Among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship in a Teaching Hospital

Purpose: The lack of awareness regarding the policies and procedures about universal precautions among medical students has resulted in higher accidental exposure to Blood Borne Pathogens and body fluids. So, the current situation needs such type of study which can help in improving awareness about universal precautions among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI), those who constitute a major role in controlling deadly infections. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among nurses of all departments and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI) between June & July 2020 in a teaching medical hospital near Kancheepuram. A total of 400 nurses who were deputed in various departments and 50 Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRIs) were requested to take part in the study. The emails were gathered and formal informed consent was sent along with the standard questionnaire. The questions were prepared in a simple language from a valid & reliable measure. Statistical methods: The data are entered and analysed by MS Excel. A chi square test is carried to test the association between the proportion. Results: The level of knowledge among nurses and CRRIs were similar without a significant difference between them. The awareness regarding universal precaution in nurses with different working experience were also similar without any significant differences. About 95% of CRRIs were aware about the universal precautions. The awareness about universal precaution and practice was not statistically significant when compared between the nurses and CRRIs. Conclusion: The current study findings assure that the nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship (CRRIs) were aware and are knowledgeable about the standard precautions and their importance in reducing infections. The present result shows the infectious committee has a great role in educating the health care workers and provide a better environment for serving the patients.

How doctors make themselves understood in primary care consultations: A mixed methods analysis of video data applying health literacy universal precautions

Purpose To mitigate the health risks that result from low health literacy and difficulty identifying patients with insufficient health literacy, health organizations recommend physicians apply health literacy universal precaution communication skills when communicating with all patients. Our aim was to assess how health literacy universal precautions are delivered in routine GP consultations, and explore whether there were differences in how GPs used universal precaution approaches according to areas of deprivation in England. Methods This was a mixed methods study using video and interview data. Ten physicians conducted 217 consultations in primary care settings with adults over 50 years old between July 2017 and March 2018 in England. Eighty consultations (N = 80) met the inclusion criteria of new or persisting problems. Descriptive quantitative analysis of video-recorded consultations using an observation tool and qualitative thematic analysis of transcribed scripts. Meta-themes explored differences in physicians’ communication by areas of deprivation. Results Descriptive statistics showed physicians used a caring tone of voice and attitude (n = 73, 91.3%) and displayed comfortable body language (n = 69, 86.3%) but infrequently demonstrated profession-specific health literacy universal precaution communication skills, such as the teach-back technique (n = 3, 3.8%). Inferences about physicians’ communication from qualitative analysis converged with the quantitative findings. Differences in physicians’ communication varied according to areas of deprivation. Conclusions Physicians need health literacy universal precautions communication skills to improve population health.

Universal precautions: A methodology for trauma-informed justice

The research clearly indicates that the vast majority of individuals involved in the justice system who display offending behaviour have experienced trauma, victimization, or Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Knowing this to be empirically factual raises the question, why is this not highlighted in the training of police officers, correctional officers, parole and probation officers, crown prosecutors, defence lawyers, and judges alike? An understanding of the Justice Client and their complex trauma could have important consequences on how all justice actors interact with people who experience the justice system. Knowing that these individuals were often victims long before they were offending could bring a more compassionate lens to the justice system. Having traumatic experiences is not the cause of offending, but it is often present in the offending population. The prevalence of trauma among the offending population, who themselves have often traumatized their victims, suggests a much-needed change in how police are trained to interact with Justice Clients. This paper applies the concept of Universal Precautions from first aid training in the development of practical policy to create a justice system based in compassion.

THE DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS AMONG MIDWIVES TOWARD POST C-SECTION WOMEN WITH HIV

Background: Puerperal post Sectio Caesarea was the period of physical and psychological drain, especially with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) as complication. In general, health workers still discriminate against HIV patients, as well as post-sectio mothers with HIV. This situation add to the psychological burden and increases the risk of depression during the puerperium. Midwife’s perception in caring for post-Section mothers with HIV is needed to produce attitudes and behaviours in supporting care. This study aims to describe the perception of midwives in providing care to post-sectio patients with HIV. Method: This study used a qualitative approach in two HIV referral hospitals in Surabaya with different class types. Participants in this study were determined by purposive sampling, consisting of 6 participants and 4 triangulation participants. Researcher conducted in-depth interview and closed observation with instruments such as recorders, observation sheets and the researchers themselves. Data processing and analysis is carried out by data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Result: Participants in Hospital ‘A’ did not provide different services to post SC patients with HIV while still applying universal precautions. Participants in Hospital ‘B’ think that special treatment is needed by applying exaggerated universal precautions. Conclusion: Midwives keep trying to provide comprehensive care although there are differences in perception.

Compliance of universal precautions: ensures safety to health care providers

Healthcare workers (HCWs) such as medical doctors, nurses, laboratory staff and aides who work in the hospitals, clinics and other health care settings are frequently exposed to infectious diseases. Some of these infectious diseases have no available vaccination; consequently, these blood borne infections are a major cause of risk for health care worker. The knowledge and awareness of universal precautions is thus essential for all HCWs and other people in at risk occupations. A review of the literature on universal precaution's using Google search engine was done. Twenty one scientific publications on universal precautions and standard precautions were reviewed and summarized. Health care professionals needed to be updated on the principles of universal basic precautions as it had been proven that there were deficiencies in the knowledge and applications of the practice of the universal precautions. To minimise the risks of acquiring HIV, HBV and other blood borne diseases during performance of job duties, workers should be protected from exposure to blood and other body fluids. In order to protect hospital workers, the hospital authorities must provide general information about the danger to be faced in practises, the ways in which AIDS and hepatitis were transmitted and must give general training with mass awareness to the hospital staff. It can be concluded that hospital staff and authorities other are equally responsible and accountable for transmission of these hospital-acquired information.

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION KNOWLEDGE LEVELS IN POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY

ABSTRACT Universal precautions are one way to prevent the transmission of disease, which is transmitted by blood and all body fluids, including saliva, either from the patient to health worker and from patient to another patient. Patients should be treated as infected with the disease and potentially infectious every time. This action should be done by all health care staff in the risk of cross-infection between patients, and health workers can be minimized. Basic universal precautions include immunization, hand washing, personal protective equipment, medical equipment management, and hospital waste management. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge about universal precautions in postgraduate students Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi (Unjani). This study used a descriptive design by cross-sectional. Collection data for research using a questionnaire containing 20 questions tested for validity and reliability, then a questionnaire filled out by respondents as many as 40 people. Presentation of research data is processed and presented to illustrate the level of knowledge in postgraduate students of frequency distribution table. The results showed that most of postgraduate students has a high knowledge (60%), postgraduate students with a moderate level of knowledge (27.5%), and postgraduate students with the knowledge that a low level (12.5%). Conclusions of the research showed that the majority postgraduate students about universal precaution is at a high level.

Bleeding In Head And Neck Malignancy : Institution Based Management And Review

Introduction:Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes for >90% of head and neck cancers. Acute rupture of irradiated, large vessels is life-threatening complication. The distribution of bleeding foci is diverse and can range from internal or common carotid arteries to branches of the external carotid artery. We intend to assess the management of patients presented in our institution with such acute bleeding episodes and also review the management of carotid blowout syndrome which is an oncological emergency.Methods:Retrospective observational study of 27 cases presented in our institution with acute bleeding due to head and neck cancer for period of two years. After resuscitation and necessary consents, emergency open tracheostomy was done with universal precautions. ECA/CCA ligation was done. All the patients were started on low molecular weight heparin 8 hours post surgery. Therapeutic outcomes were assessed based on simple frequencies and proportions.Results:Of the 27 cases presented in our institution, 19 of them underwent ECA ligation while 8 of them CCA ligation for the control of active bleeding. 12 of 27 patients were receiving definitive chemoradiation of which 7 of them were ongoing. Remaining 15 patients were receiving adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery.19 patients who underwent ECA ligation, had no further bleeding episodes. 8 patients who underwent CCA ligation, had only wound related complications and none of them had neurological deficits. 11 patients were operated during covid-19 period. 4 patients turned out covid positive. None of the medical personnel contacted the infection.Conclusion:Radiotherapy is one the major contributor for CBS. Endovascular procedures can be used for local tumour bleed, threatened, impending and stable acute CBS. Surgical CCA ligation done in bleeds unsuccessful by endovascular procedure and in acute unstable CBS. ECA ligation is safe and effective method to control local tumor bleed. Surgical finesse, careful planning, adherence to universal precautions and institutional protocol can reduce Covid-19 transmission to medical personnel in this testing times.

CONOCIMIENTOS SOBRE INFECCIONES ASOCIADAS A LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD Y SU PREVENCIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA DE SÉPTIMO Y OCTAVO SEMESTRE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS) son eventos frecuentes durante la atención sanitaria, su inclusión en el currículo universitario representa una prevención al momento de formar futuros profesionales. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud y su prevención en los estudiantes de enfermería de séptimo y octavo semestre de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, durante el periodo octubre–noviembre en modalidad virtual donde se seleccionaron 154 estudiantes, de séptimo y octavo semestre. Se aplicó una encuesta previamente validada que con 3 áreas: Infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud, precauciones universales e higiene de manos. Una puntuación promedio de 17,5 fue considerada como un nivel aceptable de conocimiento. Resultados: El 74,68% de los participantes tienen un conocimiento aceptable sobre IAAS y su prevención, siendo el área de precauciones universales, donde existe un mayor conocimiento (82,47% de los participantes). No existe diferencia significativa entre el conocimiento de los estudiantes de séptimo semestre que van al internado y los de octavo que ya están en el internado, y la mayoría de estudiantes obtuvieron este conocimiento dentro del plan de estudios universitario. Conclusiones: La puntuación general mostró un nivel de conocimiento aceptable para toda la muestra. Los estudiantes de enfermería han adquirido estos conocimientos a través de su plan de estudios universitarios, aunque es necesario profundizar en aspectos relacionados a la higiene de manos en donde obtuvieron una menor ponderación. Palabras claves: IAAS; precauciones universales; higiene de manos; infecciones intrahospitalarias. ABSTRACT Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are frequents events during health care, the incorporation of these topic inside the university classrooms represents a prevention at the moment of forming future professionals. Objective: Evaluating the level of knowledge about health care-associated infections and their prevention among nursing students in their seventh and eighth semester at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was carried out during the period October - November in a virtual modality where 154 students were selected, from the seventh and the eighth semester. A previously validated survey was applied about 3 specific areas such as: health care associated infections, universal precautions and hand hygiene. An average score of 17,5 were considered like an adequate level of knowledge. Results: 74,68% of participants have an acceptable knowledge regarding HAI and their prevention, being, the area of universal precautions, the most known about among students (82.47%). There is no significant difference between the knowledge of the seventh semester students who go to the boarding school and the eighth semester students who are already in the boarding school and the most students obtained their knowledge within the university curriculum. Conclusion: The general score showed an acceptable level of knowledge for the sample. Nursing students have acquired their knowledge trough their university study plan, even though it’s necessary to deepen the aspects related to hands hygiene in which they attained a poor pondering. Keywords: HAI; universal precautions; hand hygiene; nosocomial infections.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN SIKAP BIDAN TENTANG PRINSIP KEWASPADAAN UNIVERSAL DENGAN PELAKSANAAN PERTOLONGAN PERSALINAN Di PUSKESMAS RAWATAN Di KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2011

Background and objectives Maternal Mortality Rate is one of health indicators as well as of fulfillment of women’s reproductive rights and quality of health services in general. One of the most effective way to reduce is the improvement of the delivery assistance. This study was aimed to learn the level of knowledge and attitude of midviwes about the principles of universal precautions in the implementation ofdeliveryassistance.Materials and Methods Cross sectional analytic approach was applied . Seven health care centers were selected. Manuscript annotation and approval and questionnaires were used for data collection. Subjects were 65 midviwes who helped the delivery of the particular health centers that met the inclusion criteria. Results Majority of midwives involved in this study were between 30-39 years of age with the highest education level was ? diploma D3 (83.1%) and average of 0-9 years of employment (33.8%). In terms of knowledge and attitude, 55.4% and 53.89% subjects showed good knowledge and positive attitude respectively, but a total of 70.7% subjects both possessed good knowledge and positive attitude. Significant correlation was observed between knowledge and professional practice (p= 0.005, p0.05).In whom midwives with higher education performed 7.4 times better attitude. Training also showed significant correlation (p=0.024) in which the trained midwives on normal delivery care performed 124.3 times better. Conclusion Significant correlation was observed between midwives’ knowledge and professional practice and the principles of universal precautions implementation. There was no significant correlation between attitude and their delivery care and the implementation of principles of universal precautions. Significant correlation was clear between midwives’s education and attitudes, in whom midwives with higher education showed 7.4 times better attitude than those with just adequate education. The trained midwives on normal delivery care performed 124.3 times better than their non-trained counterparts.