P1489HEPATITIS B AND C IN DIALYSIS UNITS IN ALMATY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Yespotayeva ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Abduzhappar Gaipov ◽  
Zauresh Amreyeva ◽  
Zhanar Mursalova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Patients getting maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the HD population of Almaty dialysis units as well as risk factors for infection. Method All adult patients getting maintenance HD (n=700) in Almaty dialysis centres (n=4) were studied between May 2016 and December 2019. Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies was performed at initiation of dialysis and every 3–6 months thereafter. Serological markers for HBV and HCV were determined with immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results Participant median age was 40 years and 58% were male. 110 patients (34.9%) were sero-positive for HBV and/or HCV (anti-HCV positive 31.1%; HBsAg positive 2.6%; both positive 1.2%). Of the sero-positive patients 4.7% were known to be infected before the initiation of HD. The prevalence of HBV±HCV infection varied widely between HD centres from 0% to 75.9%. Sero-positive patients were younger, had longer time on dialysis and more previous blood transfusions. Wide variation in rates of newly acquired infections was observed between dialysis centres. All new HBV cases were referred from centres already treating HBV infected patients. New HCV infections were reported in most centres but the rate of HCV sero-conversion varied widely from 1.5% to 31%. Duration of dialysis, history of previous renal transplant and history of receiving HD in another centre in Almaty were significantly associated with sero-conversion. Major risk factors identified by a standard questionnaire in 302 of 270 patients were the number of blood transfusions individuals had received and duration of dialysis, the latter including patients who received no blood transfusions Conclusion HBV and HCV prevalence in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients. In summary, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Long-Term Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Persistence—A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa-Martinez ◽  
Stollenwerk ◽  
Kossow ◽  
Schaumburg ◽  
Mellmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens that require effective infection control measures, representing a challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed at identifying risk factors associated with prolonged VRE carriage and determining the rate of clearance that allows the discontinuation of contact precautions. During a 2-year study, screening was performed in patients with a history of VRE or at risk of becoming colonized. After bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, glycopeptide resistance was confirmed by PCR. Isolates were compared via whole genome sequence-based typing. Risk factors were recorded, and follow-up screening was performed upon readmission, defining patients as long-term carriers if still colonized ≥10 weeks after first detection. Of 1059 patients positive for VRE, carriage status was assessed upon readmission in 463 patients. VRE was cleared in 56.4% of the cases. Risk factors associated with long-term persistence were hospital stays (frequency, length), hemato-oncological disease, systemic treatment with steroids, and use of antibiotics. No specific genotypic clustering was observed in patients with VRE clearance or persistence. VRE clearance is possibly underestimated. The identification of risk factors favoring long-term carriage may contribute to a targeted implementation of infection control measures upon readmission of patients with history of VRE.

scholarly journals Role of unsafe medical practices and sexual behaviours in the hepatitis B and C syndemic and HIV co-infection in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036711
Author(s):  
Jean Damascene Makuza ◽  
Marie Paul Nisingizwe ◽  
Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema ◽  
Donatha Dushimiyimana ◽  
Dominique Savio Habimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesThis study describes the burden of the hepatitis B, C and HIV co-infections and assesses associated risk factors.SettingThis analysis used data from a viral hepatitis screening campaign conducted in six districts in Rwanda from April to May 2019. Ten health centres per district were selected according to population size and distance.ParticipantsThe campaign collected information from 156 499 participants (51 496 males and 104 953 females) on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics. People who were not Rwandan by nationality or under 15 years old were excluded.Primary and secondary outcomesThe outcomes of interest included chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HIV infection, co-infection HIV/HBV, co-infection HIV/HCV, co-infection HBV/HCV and co-infection HCV/HBV/HIV. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with HBV, HCV and HIV, mono and co-infections.ResultsOf 156 499 individuals screened, 3465 (2.2%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive and 83% (2872/3465) of them had detectable HBV desoxy-nucleic acid (HBV DNA). A total of 4382 (2.8%) individuals were positive for antibody-HCV (anti-HCV) and 3163 (72.2%) had detectable HCV ribo-nucleic acid (RNA). Overall, 36 (0.02%) had HBV/HCV co-infection, 153 (0.1%) HBV/HIV co-infection, 238 (0.15%) HCV/HIV co-infection and 3 (0.002%) had triple infection. Scarification or receiving an operation from traditional healer was associated with all infections. Healthcare risk factors—history of surgery or transfusion—were associated with higher likelihood of HIV infection with OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.66) and OR 1.48 (1.29 to 1.70), respectively, while history of physical traumatic assault was associated with a higher likelihood of HIV and HBV/HIV co-infections with OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.88) and OR 1.82 (1.08 to 3.05), respectively.ConclusionsOverall, mono-infections were common and there were differences in significant risk factors associated with various infections. These findings highlight the magnitude of co-infections and differences in underlying risk factors that are important for designing prevention and care programmes.

A Large Nosocomial Outbreak of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B Among Patients Receiving Pain Remediation Treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 576-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dawn Comstock ◽  
Sue Mallonee ◽  
Jan L. Fox ◽  
Ronald L. Moolenaar ◽  
Tara M. Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Survey Interviews

AbstractBackground and Objective:In August 2002, the Oklahoma State Department of Health received a report of six patients with unexplained hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated in the same pain remediation clinic. We investigated the outbreak's extent and etiology.Design, Setting, and Participants:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinic patients, including a serologic survey, interviews of infected patients, and reviews of medical records and staff infection control practices. Patients received outpatient pain remediation treatments one afternoon a week in a clinic within a hospital. Cases were defined as HCV or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among patients who reported no prior diagnosis or risk factors for disease or reported previous risk factors but had evidence of acute infection.Results:Of 908 patients, 795 (87.6%) were tested, and 71 HCV-infected patients (8.9%) and 31 HBV-infected patients (3.9%) met the case definition. Multiple HCV genotypes were identified. Significantly higher HCV infection rates were found among individuals treated after an HCV-infected patient during the same visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.4–15.8); a similar association was observed for HBV (AOR, 2.9; CI95, 1.3–6.5). Review of staff practices revealed the nurse anesthetist had been using the same syringe–needle to sequentially administer sedation medications to every treated patient each clinic day.Conclusions:Reuse of needles–syringes was the mechanism for patient-to-patient transmission of HCV and HBV in this large nosocomial outbreak. Further education and stricter oversight of infection control practices may prevent future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243656
Author(s):  
Mary Adetola Lawal ◽  
Oluwafunmilayo Funke Adeniyi ◽  
Patricia Eyanya Akintan ◽  
Abideen Olurotimi Salako ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Omotosho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Introduction The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos. Method A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infection in children aged 2 months to 13 years. There were 187 HIV infected and 187 HIV naïve age, sex-matched controls. Blood samples of participants were assayed for the serologic markers [HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV)] of HBV and HCV viral infections using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result The prevalence of HBV infection using HBsAg was 5.3% and 4.8% (p = 0.814), among HIV-infected and HIV naïve children respectively, while using anti-HBc the prevalence was 7.0% and 7.5% (p = 0.842) among HIV- infected and HIV naïve children respectively. The prevalence of HCV infection among HIV- infected and HIV naive children were equal to 0.5% (p = 1.000). There was also no significant association with the identifiable risk factors (sharing of a toothbrush, sharing of needles, incision marks/tattoo, hepatitis B immunization status, history of blood transfusion, previous surgical operation, sexual exposure/abuse, history of jaundice, and genital circumcision) and the HBV and or HCV status among both groups of children. History of sexual exposure/abuse and history of jaundice were however found to be predictors of the presence of HBsAg among HIV infected children only, using a binary logistic regression model. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV and or HCV infection among HIV-infected children is similar to the prevalence among HIV naïve children, suggesting that HIV-infected children are not more predisposed to viral hepatitis than healthy children. Also, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV infection irrespective of the use of HBsAg or anti-HBc.

High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis at an Urban Dialysis Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sivapalasingam ◽  
Sharp F. Malak ◽  
John F. Sullivan ◽  
Jonathan Lorch ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients at an urban outpatient hemodialysis center.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Rogosin Kidney Center on December 15, 1998, with a response rate of 90% (227 of 253). Laboratory records were used to retrieve the total number of blood transfusions received and serologic study results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship among HCV serostatus, patient demographics, and HCV risk factors (eg, intravenous drug use [IVDU], intranasal cocaine use, multiple sexual partners, comorbidities, length of time receiving hemodialysis, and total number of blood transfusions received).Results:The seroprevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 23.3% (53 of 227) in the population. In univariate analysis, factors associated with HCV seropositivity included male gender, younger age, history of IVDU, history of intranasal cocaine use, history of multiple sexual partners, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, increased time receiving dialysis, history of renal transplant, and positive antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU were the only risk factors that remained independently associated with HCV seropositivity.Conclusions:HCV is markedly more common in our urban cohort of patients receiving hemodialysis compared with patients receiving dialysis nationally and is associated with a longer duration of receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU. Stricter and more frequent enforcement of universal precautions may be required in hemodialysis centers located in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection or IVDU among the general population.

scholarly journals Maternal Hepatitis Infections: Determining Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Healthy Mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Biazin Kebede ◽  
Seifegebriel Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people every year, causing disability and death. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses spread horizontally, mainly through sexual contact and contaminated needles, and vertically. Both cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Maternal infection is a risk factor for vertical transmission. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody among non-pregnant, apparently healthy mothers and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV or HCV infection. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 454 apparently healthy women, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 2016 to June 2017. A systematic random sampling method was used to recruit participants. Result: A total of 454 mothers were enrolled. Seroprevalence of HBsAg and HCV was found to be 3.7% and 2.0%, respectively. HBc antibody was detected in 36.3% of the mothers. None of the participants was co-infected with both viruses. Previous history of liver disease, history of jaundice, HIV infection, and family history of liver disease were significantly associated with HBV infection. Marital status, caring for hepatitis patients, and a history of liver disease were factors significantly associated with HCV infection. Conclusion: Apparently, healthy mothers in Addis Ababa had intermediate level of endemicity for hepatitis B and C infections Routine screening and vaccination of high-risk reproductive mothers against HBV is advisable. Emphasis should be given to health education and promotion of infection control practices. Population based studies are strongly recommended to help monitor disease transmission patterns and to design evidence-based interventions against the spread of hepatitis infections in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and associated risk factors among pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirin Cetin ◽  
Meryem Cetin ◽  
Ebru Turhan ◽  
Kenan Dolapcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of the University Hospital in Antioch, Turkey. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and December 2016. The Chi-squared was utilized to estimate the statistical significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and HBsAg status. The results were generated as proportions odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and calculated by using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 2.1%. A significant association was observed between age and HBsAg seropositivity (p = 0.027). History of blood transfusion (AOR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.92-46.80, p = 0.006), history of hepatitis (AOR = 11.13, 95% CI = 2.02-61.28, p = 0.006), tattooing (AOR = 13.64, 95% CI = 2.52-73.76, p = 0.002) and a history of household/close contact (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI = 1.56-78.65, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions: Data regarding the seroprevalence of HBsAg and risk factors associated with HBV infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies and the strategies to control the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257917
Author(s):  
Innocent Kamali ◽  
Dale A. Barnhart ◽  
Jean d’Amour Ndahimana ◽  
Kassim Noor ◽  
Jeanne Mumporeze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda’s national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from the screening campaign to report on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this setting. Methods Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to screen for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) among people of ≥15years old. We calculated seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV by age and sex and also calculated age-and-sex adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for other possible risk factors. Results Of the 26,498 screened refugees, 1,006 (3.8%) and 297 (1.1%) tested positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV, respectively. HBsAg was more prevalent among men than women and most common among people 25–54 years old. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with age group with no difference between sexes. After adjusting for age and sex, having a household contact with HBsAg was associated with 1.59 times higher risk of having HBsAg (95% CI: 1.27, 1.99) and having a household contact with anti-HCV was associated with 3.66 times higher risk of Anti-HCV (95% CI: 2.26, 5.93). Self-reporting having HBV, HCV, liver disease, or previously screened for HBV and HCV were significantly associated with both HBsAg and anti-HCV, but RDT-confirmed HBsAg and anti-HCV statuses were not associated with each other. Other risk factors for HBsAg included diabetes (ARR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.59) and family history of hepatitis B (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) and for anti-HCV included heart disease (ARR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.80) and history of surgery (ARR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32). Conclusion Sero-prevalence and risks factors for hepatitis B and C among Burundian were comparable to that in the Rwandan general population. Contact tracing among household members of identified HBsAg and anti-HCV infected case may be an effective approach to targeted hepatitis screening given the high risk among self-reported cases. Expanded access to voluntary testing may be needed to improve access to hepatitis treatment and care in other refugee settings.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seropositivity and Low Body Weight Are Correlated with Asymptomatic Neutropenia In the Thai Population

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4751-4751
Author(s):  
Panisinee Lawasut ◽  
Thanyaphong Na Nakorn ◽  
Ponlapat Rojnuckarin ◽  
Tanin Intragumtornchai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Hiv

Abstract Abstract 4751 Background The etiology of asymptomatic neutropenia is unknown. We have conducted a community-based study to determine predisposing factors for asymptomatic neutropenia in the Thai population. Method Blood specimens and self-report questionnaires (filled out with assistance from medical personnel) were collected from individuals in Bangkok and 4 surrounding provinces. Asymptomatic neutropenia was defined by an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1.5 × 109/liter, in the absence of any symptoms or known risk factors. Patients with a history of malignancy were excluded. Subjects that met this criterion for neutropenia were examined for the presence of anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), thyroid dysfunction, reduced serum ferritin, and reduced serum vitamin B12 and folate; this panel of laboratory tests was also done on control subjects (4 controls for every 1 neutropenic case – see below), which were picked at random from the normal population and were matched for age, sex, site of survey, and underlying disease. Odd ratios (OR) were then computed for significant risk factors. Results Overall, 7,180 individuals were included; 28 had neutropenia (0.39%, 95% CI 0.25–0.53). Based on answers to the questionnaire, the only factor correlating with neutropenia was low body weight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, p = 0.015); age, sex, site and period of survey, underlying disease, medications, herbal ingestion, food supplement, radiation exposure, family history of hematologic disease, alcohol consumption, history of drug abuse or exposure to chemical substance had no significant association with neutropenia. Additional tests on 25 of the neutropenic cases revealed positive findings for HBsAg (20%), anti-HCV antibody (12%), ANA (16%), RF (4%), hypothyroidism (4%), hyperthyroidism (14%) and hypoferritinemia (24%); none showed anti-HIV positivity, or low levels of serum vitamin B12 and folate. Of the 100 normal controls, 4% showed seropositive for HBsAg. HBsAg positivity was thus the significant risk factor associated with neutropenia (OR 6.0, 95%CI 1.48–24.34, p = 0.012). Conclusion HBsAg seropositivity is strongly associated with asymptomatic neutropenia in the Thai population. Low body weight is also correlated with the disorder, perhaps as a result of subtle nutritional deficiencies. Possible mechanisms that underlie neutropenia are currently being explored. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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