Correlation between alveolar bone level and mandibular trabecular Pattern In Periodontitis Patients Of Belgaum: A Radiological Survey

Introduction – Bone is a living, dynamic tissue, which undergoes remodelling throughout life, especially in adults. Deterioration of bone microarchitecture involves changes in the thickness and number of trabeculae, separation of trabeculae, and morphometric changes in the trabecula. Some studies suggest that changes in bone metabolism are reflected more so in the trabecular pattern rather than the bone mineral density. To further explore this, a short-study was carried out to investigate radiographically the relationship between the alveolar bone level and different trabecular bone patterns in periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods – A set of panoramic radiographs of 30 subjects was taken from radiology section, which included both males and females. Average alveolar bone level in a quadrant was calculated for each patient. Trabecular bone in the mandibular premolar area was categorised using Taguchi et alcriteria. The two variables were analysed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis models. Result – A significant positive correlation was found between alveolar bone loss and density of trabecular pattern. Conclusion–With increasing grade of trabeculation, a larger alveolar bone loss can be expected. This may prove to be useful in preventing tooth loss as well as in implant planning. KeyWords: alveolar bone, trabecular bone pattern, panoramic radiographs.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice concerning Oral Cancer amongst Dental Undergraduates

Oral cancer is an important aspect of dentistry and should be screened for daily in day to day practice. A systematic cross-sectional survey was conducted. 183 dental students participated in the study by answering a self- administered validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sixteen questions, relating to the knowledge, attitude and practice. The statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson’s chi-square testing.73.8 % of students had accurate overall knowledge regarding Oral Cancer, which was satisfactory. About 32.2% of students claimed to have adequate up-to-date knowledge regarding the prevention and detection of oral cancer. 81.4% students had appropriate attitude towards Oral Cancer. 88% of students employed apposite practice management skills with respect to examining patients for any cancerous lesions and took efforts for counselling the patient. Yet, 97.8% of students demanded additional training regarding identification and prevention of oral cancer.The study suggestively indicated that the dental students have satisfactory knowledge, attitude and are cognizant in examining for symptoms of oral cancer. No significant difference between knowledge /attitude/ practices about oral cancer amongst the three undergraduate years. Additionally, innovative and didactically orientated programmes should be reinforced to upsurge awareness which will aid in timely detection.The main objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, practice concerning oral cancer amongst undergraduate dental students of Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, Maharashtra, India. Key-words: Attitude, Dental students, Knowledge, Oral cancer, Practice.

Medico-Legal awareness amongst periodontal post graduate students in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai” –A Cross Sectional Survey

Day by day, there is increase in the patient’s aesthetic and functional demands. Along with this there is also an increase in the patient’s awareness about periodontaltreatment outcomes. Hence, failure to provide adequate information and fulfil expected treatment outcomes, complaint and litigation against the periodontists can be filed. Now days, patients are using legal routes to settle their grievances against doctors; hence, knowledge and awareness of medico-legal aspects amongst periodontists have become utmost important. Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness about medico-legal aspects amongst periodontal post-graduate students in the region of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using a specially designed pre-validated questionnaire in a total of 100 participants comprising periodontal post graduate students in the region of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions on legal requirements, record keeping, periodontal surgeries and implants treatment specific issues and consent. The data was collected, Chi‑square test was applied to individual questions, analysed, and results were formulated. Results: This survey suggested that there is inadequate awareness regarding medico-legal issues among periodontal postgraduate students. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to conduct more medico-legal awareness programmes and educate our budding specialists and all periodontalcommunity regarding the same. Regulatory bodies like the Dental Council of India (DCI) and associations like the Indian Society of Periodontology (ISP), Indian Society of Oral Implantologists (ISOI)should also formulate standard guidelines/protocol on managing periodontal surgeries and implant patients to help protect against unnecessary litigations against periodontal community. Key Words: medico-legal, litigation, awareness, periodontal surgeries, jurisprudence.

Glide Path: “Path to the successful root canal instrumentation”- Review

Appropriate biomechanical preparation of the root canal is the base for successful root canal treatment. The “mechanical” part of this procedure which is the root canal instrumentation is not complete without achieving “glide path”. Clinicians must understand the importance of this small and simple but important concept of glide path which in turn will help to avoid a number of mishaps and give a long term predictable endodontic success. Key Words : “ Glide path, Rotary instrumentation “

COVID-19 PANDEMIC- ATTRIBUTES IN CHILDREN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY –A REVIEW ARTICLE.

The pandemic spread of COVID -19 infection has gripped the entire world and caused public health concerns. The pathogen of this zoonotic infection is believed to be present in abundance in the nasopharynx and saliva of the affected patients and spreads through respiratory droplets. The dentists, including the paediatric dentists may come across suspected or confirmed infected patients and have to use their professional judgement not only in dealing with these patients but also to prevent nosocomial infections. This article aims to provide an overview of COVID- 19 disease, the characteristics of the infection in children, recommendations for paediatric dental practice and strategies to control the COVID-19 infections. KEYWORDS- Corona virus, paediatric dentistry, immunology, infection control.

QUALITY ACCREDITATION OF DENTAL CLINICS: NEED OF THE HOUR (PART 2) ADDRESSING REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO ACCESS, ASSESSMENT & CONTINUITY OF CARE

This is the second article in the series of articles ‘Quality Accreditation of Dental Clinics – Need of the hour’. As described in the first article (Published in JIDA May 2020 issue) there are 10 chapters in NABH standards for Dental Healthcare Service Providers (DHSP). ‘Access, Assessment & Continuity of Care’ (AAC) is the first chapter. Addressing accreditation standards and implementing them in day-to-day practices is the primary objective in the preparation of DHSP for accreditation. The aim of this article is to provide brief idea about the criteria required to fulfill in order to address requirements related to the first chapter of NABH, i.e., AAC. KEY WORDS: Quality Accreditations, Dental Clinics, NABH, AAC

Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Chemo-mechanical Method Of Caries Removal Using BRIX- 3000 Compared To Conventional Excavation With Burs- A Randomized Controlled Trial – Original Research

Introduction and Aim The study was designed as a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of chemo-mechanical method of caries removal using BRIX 3000 as compared to conventional excavation with burs. Methods The double blind randomized control trial was performed using a split mouth design where patients with bilateral deep carious lesion underwent treatment with Brix 3000 on one side and high speed bur excavation with aerotar on the contralateral side. This was performed to compare the efficacy of Brix 3000 with the conventional high speed caries excavation using aerotar. Group 1 (G1 = 67 teeth) chemomechanical removal with Brix 3000 and Group 2 (G2= 67 teeth) high speed bur excavation with aerotar. The criteria assessed were the time (T) required for each protocol to be completed and pain perceived by the patient at the end of caries excavation. Results All statistical analysis were done using (SPSS) version 17.0 statistics software. Independent sample t test and Mann Whitney U test were one to analyze the data. Conclusions Though time taken for caries excavation was more using BRIX than the high speed procedures, there was less or no pain while caries excavation using BRIX 3000 along with more patient comfort and cooperation during procedure. From the current study, it was observed that BRIX 3000 can be considered as an effective alternative/adjuvant for caries removal in deep carious lesions as compared to aerosol inducing high speed rotary techniques. Keywords : Chemo-mechanical caries removal, non aerosol inducing caries removal techniques, COVID, BRIX 3000, randomised controlled trial, novel caries removal, dentin preservation.

QUALITY ACCREDITATIONS OF DENTAL CLINICS: NEED OF THE HOUR

ABSTRACT: Accreditation is usually a voluntary programme in which trained external peer reviewers evaluate a healthcare organization's compliance and compare it with pre-established performance standards. The aim of this article is to provide information about accreditation programmes applicable for dentistry. The article is more focused on NABH Accreditations for DHSP (Dental Health Service Providers) specifically for dental clinics. KEYWORDS: Quality accreditations, Dental Clinics, ISO, NABH, JCI

INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL CLINICS DURING COVID 19 –Original Review

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS COV 2) and its linked corona virus disease has troubled the entire world community led to a serious public health concerns. Despite the various efforts to stop the spread of this disease globally, the outbreak is still on the rise because of the community spread pattern of this disease. This is believed to have originated in bats pangolins initially later it got transmitted to humans. Once it comes in the human body , this corona virus remains abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients. Its spreading nature is mainly through the respiratory droplet spread / aerosol infection. Dental professionals, including Orthodontists , Oral Surgeons , Periodontists, Endodontists and Prosthodontists are all at high risk, since they may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS COV 2 infection will have to act accordingly not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief detailing of the cause, sign symptoms and different routes of transmission of this infection. In addition specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies and patient management protocol . KEY WORDS Coronavirus ,COVID 19, SARS COV 2 ,Dental practice ,Orthodontics ,OMFS, severe acute respiratory syndrome .

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY – BASICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN DENTISTRY

BACKGROUND:To ascertain the basics of CT scan in summarizing the principles, generations, image construction process and its applications in the field of dentistry which can be performed safely following the ALARA principles. In the past decade, 2D conventional radiographs provided images with internal and supporting structures of tooth, resulting in superimposition of the object of interest. Eventually, CT scan has developed computer network system for image process and transmission leading to 3D structural information without superimposition. These changes of CT scan with current standards will be elaborated in this review of article in detail. METHODS: Literature search using Medline from the year of 1973 – 2014 were performed. Review articles and textbooks were also collected by Hand search from the same period. DISCUSSION: CT is a systematic collection of radiation and detectors combining with the computer forming a cross sectional image of any part of the oral cavity. An overview of principles and mechanism of CT components, Generations of CT, Image Construction process, Contrast agents commonly used in the oral cavity and its adverse effects, applications of CT and advances of CT in the field of dentistry from past decades till the recent advances were elaborated in this review. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in CT helps in detecting the pathologies in intrinsic and extrinsic approach following the ALARA principles which is also cost-effective, improving the examination accessibility, diagnostic accuracy of deep-seated lesions and quality of patient’s life. KEYWORDS: Dental X-rays; Computed Tomography; Literature review; Intraoral X-rays.