Molecular phylogenetic studies based on rDNA ITS, cpDNA trnL intron sequence and cladode characteristics in nine Protasparagus taxa

Based on the published data of molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe Cariceae Dumort. genera (Cyperaceae), obtained by an international collaboration (The Global Carex Group, 2016; et al.), and morphological characters of the genera (Kukkonen, 1990; and others), new nomenclatural combinations and replacement names in the genus Carex L. are published for 11 species, one subspecies and two sections previously included in the genus Kobresia Willd.

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Systematics and evolution of Lentibulariaceae: III. Utricularia

10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard W. Jobson ◽

Paulo C. Baleeiro ◽

Cástor Guisande

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Population Level ◽

Oceanic Islands ◽

Vulnerable Species ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Utricularia is a morphologically and ecologically diverse genus currently comprising more than 230 species divided into three subgenera—Polypompholyx, Utricularia, and Bivalvaria—and 35 sections. The genus is distributed worldwide except on the poles and most oceanic islands. The Neotropics has the highest species diversity, followed by Australia. Compared to its sister genera, Utricularia has undergone greater rates of speciation, which are linked to its extreme morphological flexibility that has resulted in the evolution of habitat-specific forms: terrestrial, rheophytic, aquatic, lithophytic, and epiphytic. Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved relationships for 44% of the species across 80% of the sections. Scant data are available for phylogeography or population-level processes such as gene flow, hybridization, or pollination. Because nearly 90% of the species are endemics, data are urgently needed to determine how to protect vulnerable species and their habitats.

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Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abe2741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. eabe2741

Author(s):

Paschalia Kapli ◽

Paschalis Natsidis ◽

Daniel J. Leite ◽

Maximilian Fursman ◽

Nadia Jeffrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Error ◽

Tree Reconstruction ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Animal Evolution ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Branch Lengths ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Common Ancestors

The bilaterally symmetric animals (Bilateria) are considered to comprise two monophyletic groups, Protostomia (Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa) and Deuterostomia (Chordata and the Xenambulacraria). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have not consistently supported deuterostome monophyly. Here, we compare support for Protostomia and Deuterostomia using multiple, independent phylogenomic datasets. As expected, Protostomia is always strongly supported, especially by longer and higher-quality genes. Support for Deuterostomia, however, is always equivocal and barely higher than support for paraphyletic alternatives. Conditions that cause tree reconstruction errors—inadequate models, short internal branches, faster evolving genes, and unequal branch lengths—coincide with support for monophyletic deuterostomes. Simulation experiments show that support for Deuterostomia could be explained by systematic error. The branch between bilaterian and deuterostome common ancestors is, at best, very short, supporting the idea that the bilaterian ancestor may have been deuterostome-like. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of early animal evolution.

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Paracarphalea, a new genus of the coffee family segregated from the Malagasy endemic genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae, Knoxieae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.263.2.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 263 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JULIA FERM ◽

JESPER KÅREHED ◽

BIRGITTA BREMER ◽

SYLVAIN G. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Methods ◽

Type Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Endemic Genus ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

Iucn Criteria

The Malagasy genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae) consists of six species (C. angulata, C. cloiselii, C. kirondron, C. linearifolia, C. madagascariensis, C. pervilleana) of shrubs or small trees and is recognizable by a distinctly lobed calyx, 2(–4)-locular ovaries, each locule with several ovules on a rod-like stalk arising from the base of the locule, and indehiscent fruits. Carphalea linearifolia, rediscovered in 2010, has not previously been included in any Rubiaceae molecular phylogenetic studies. We re-investigated the monophyly of Carphalea using sequence data from chloroplast (rps16 and trnT-F) and nuclear (ITS and ETS) markers analysed with parsimony and Bayesian methods. Carphalea linearifolia forms a clade with C. cloiselii and the type species C. madagascariensis. This clade is sister to a clade consisting of the rest of the Carphalea species plus the genus Triainolepis. According to these results, the new genus Paracarphalea is here described to accommodate Carphalea angulata, C. kirondron, and C. pervilleana. The conservation status of Carphalea linearifolia is assessed as critically endangered according to IUCN criteria.

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Notes on Some Interesting Sporocarp-Inhabiting Fungi Isolated from Xylarialean Fungi in Japan

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13110574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Wasiatus Sa’diyah ◽

Akira Hashimoto ◽

Gen Okada ◽

Moriya Ohkuma

Keyword(s):

Dry Forest ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Moist Forest ◽

Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Ibaraki Prefecture ◽

Soil Borne Fungi ◽

Isolated Species

The diversity of sporocarp-inhabiting fungi (SCIF) was examined using six samples of xylarialean fungi from two different forests in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan: a moist forest in the Sakuragawa area and an urban dry forest in the Tsukuba area. These fungi were enumerated using direct observation and dilution plate methods. We obtained 44 isolates, and careful morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of these isolates revealed that approximately 30% of the operating taxonomic units were undescribed or cryptic species related to known fungi. Although typical mycoparasitic fungi, such as helotialean fungi and Trichoderma spp., were not isolated, the genera Acremonium, Acrodontium, and Simplicillium were detected. Comparisons of SCIF communities between the two forests suggested that the number of isolated species in the Sakuragawa area was lower than that in the Tsukuba area. Soil-borne fungi, such as Aspergillus, Beauveria, Penicillium, and Talaromyces, or polypores/corticioid mushrooms, are frequently detected in the Tsukuba area. Factors affecting SCIF communities in the two forests are discussed. Some noteworthy fungi are briefly described with notes on taxonomy, ecology, and molecular phylogeny.

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Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

IMA Fungus ◽

10.1186/s43008-021-00074-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agata Kaczmarek ◽

Mieczysława I. Boguś

Keyword(s):

Biological Control Agent ◽

Sister Group ◽

Control Agent ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Black Flies ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Lady Beetles ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.

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A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pleurothallis, with emphasis on Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, using nuclear ITS and chloroplast DNA sequencing

Lankesteriana ◽

10.15517/lank.v11i3.18304 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

M. Wilson ◽

C. Belle ◽

A. Dang ◽

P. Hannan ◽

C. Kenyon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Preliminary Data ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Maximum Parsimony Tree ◽

Its Sequencing ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Parsimony Tree ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

Expanded Concept

Several revisions of the genus Pleurothallis have been proposed. Luer has proposed that Pleurothallis species in subgenus Scopula be segregated into the genera Colombiana and Ancipitia. Szlachetko and Margonska (2001) proposed the genus Zosterophyllanthos for Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae. As an alternative, Luer (2005) proposed the genus Acronia by uniting Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae with subsections Acroniae and Amphygiae. The molecular phylogenetic studies by Pridgeon and Chase (2001), however, suggested that these taxonomic revisions might not be justified. We report here a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pleurothallis, with emphasis on subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, with data primarily from nuclear ITS sequencing, supplemented with preliminary data from plastid DNA (rpoB2, rpoC1, and ycf1) sequencing. Some initial, tentative conclusions can be drawn. In the strict consensus maximum-parsimony tree of ITS data, many of the clades collapse, leaving a polytomy with a single, highly supported node that tentatively could be used to delimit the genus Pleurothallis. Such a tree would argue for an expanded concept of the genus Pleurothallis, in which the groups Ancipitia, Colombiana, and Acronia/Zosterophyllanthos, if shown to be monophyletic, are relegated to subgenera.

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