The RNA polymerase II subunit NRPB2 is required for indeterminate root development, cell viability, stem cell niche maintenance, and de novo root tip regeneration in Arabidopsis

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Adrián Ávalos-Rangel ◽  
León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera ◽  
Juan José Valdez-Alarcón ◽  
José López-Bucio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Symplastic communication spatially directs local auxin biosynthesis to maintain root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. 4005-4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Meizhi Xu ◽  
Nengsong Liang ◽  
Yanghang Zheng ◽  
Qiaozhi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Niche

Stem cells serve as the source of new cells for plant development. A group of stem cells form a stem cell niche (SCN) at the root tip and in the center of the SCN are slowly dividing cells called the quiescent center (QC). QC is thought to function as a signaling hub that inhibits differentiation of surrounding stem cells. Although it has been generally assumed that cell-to-cell communication provides positional information for QC and SCN maintenance, the tools for testing this hypothesis have long been lacking. Here we exploit a system that effectively blocks plasmodesmata (PD)-mediated signaling to explore how cell-to-cell communication functions in the SCN. We showed that the symplastic signaling between the QC and adjacent cells directs the formation of local auxin maxima and establishment of AP2-domain transcription factors, PLETHORA gradients. Interestingly we found symplastic signaling is essential for local auxin biosynthesis, which acts together with auxin polar transport to provide the guidance for local auxin enrichment. Therefore, we demonstrate the crucial role of cell-to-cell communication in the SCN maintenance and further uncover a mechanism by which symplastic signaling initiates and reinforces the positional information during stem cell maintenance via auxin regulation.

scholarly journals Histone chaperones play crucial roles in maintenance of stem cell niche during plant root development

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yuhao Liu ◽  
Wangbin Zhou ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Aiwu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Histone Chaperones ◽  
Cell Niche

Root stem cell niche maintenance and apical meristem activity critically depend on THREONINE SYNTHASE1

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (15) ◽  
pp. 3835-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Jazmín Reyes-Hernández ◽  
Svetlana Shishkova ◽  
Rachel Amir ◽  
Aranza Xhaly Quintana-Armas ◽  
Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cell Niche

AbstractIndeterminate root growth depends on the stem cell niche (SCN) and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance whose regulation permits plasticity in root system formation. Using a forward genetics approach, we isolated the moots koom1 (‘short root’ in Mayan) mutant that shows complete primary RAM exhaustion and abolished SCN activity. We identified that this phenotype is caused by a point mutation in the METHIONINE OVERACCUMULATOR2 (MTO2) gene that encodes THREONINE SYNTHASE1 and renamed the mutant as mto2-2. The amino acid profile showed drastic changes, most notorious of which was accumulation of methionine. In non-allelic mto1-1 (Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamma-synthetase1) and mto3-1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) mutants, both with an increased methionine level, the RAM size was similar to that of the wild type, suggesting that methionine overaccumulation itself did not cause RAM exhaustion in mto2 mutants. When mto2-2 RAM is not yet completely exhausted, exogenous threonine induced de novo SCN establishment and root growth recovery. The threonine-dependent RAM re-establishment in mto2-2 suggests that threonine is a limiting factor for RAM maintenance. In the root, MTO2 was predominantly expressed in the RAM. The essential role of threonine in mouse embryonic stem cells and in RAM maintenance suggests that common regulatory mechanisms may operate in plant and animal SCN maintenance.

scholarly journals An epidermis-driven mechanism positions and scales stem cell niches in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1500989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Gruel ◽  
Benoit Landrein ◽  
Paul Tarr ◽  
Christoph Schuster ◽  
Yassin Refahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Patterning ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Epidermal Cell Layer

How molecular patterning scales to organ size is highly debated in developmental biology. We explore this question for the characteristic gene expression domains of the plant stem cell niche residing in the shoot apical meristem. We show that a combination of signals originating from the epidermal cell layer can correctly pattern the key gene expression domains and notably leads to adaptive scaling of these domains to the size of the tissue. Using live imaging, we experimentally confirm this prediction. The identified mechanism is also sufficient to explain de novo stem cell niches in emerging flowers. Our findings suggest that the deformation of the tissue transposes meristem geometry into an instructive scaling and positional input for the apical plant stem cell niche.

Tissue Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niche of the Human Vocal Fold

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Chitose ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
T. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cell Niche
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