An investigation into the cutting efficiency of a novel degradable glass as an alternative to alumina powder in air abrasion cutting of enamel

Abstract Objectives To develop and test the cutting efficiency of a novel degradable glass as an alternative media to alumina powder for air abrasion. Materials and methods A zinc-based glass (QMZK2) was designed, produced, and evaluated with a multi-modality imaging analysis. The glass dissolution study was carried out in three acids, using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) at 5 different time points: 2.5, 5, 10, 60, and 240 min. The cutting efficiency of both materials was tested under the same parameters on slabs of elephant enamel. A stained fissure of a molar tooth was air abraded with the glass and evaluated with X-ray micro-tomography before and after air abrasion. Results The particle size distribution of the glass was similar to that of alumina 53 µm but with a slightly greater dispersion of particle size. The shape of the particles was angular, appropriate for cutting purposes. The dissolution study showed that the glass dissolved rapidly in acidic conditions at all time points. Between the two variables, pressure and powder flow, pressure was found to influence the cutting speed to a greater extent than powder flow. Conclusions Alumina powder was found to perform significantly better in 4 of the 9 conditions tested on elephant enamel, QMZK2 in one, and no significant differences were found for the rest of the 4 conditions. The QMZK2 seems to offer promising results as an alternative material to alumina. Clinical relevance. QMZK2 glass has the potential for replacing aluminum oxide as a degradable material in air abrasion technology.

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In Vitro Effect of Air-abrasion Operating Parameters on Dynamic Cutting Characteristics of Alumina and Bio-active Glass Powders

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/12-466-l ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H Milly ◽

RS Austin ◽

I Thompson ◽

A Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Powder Flow ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Alumina Powder ◽

Air Abrasion ◽

Cutting Efficiency ◽

Air Stream ◽

Powder Flow Rate

SUMMARY Minimally invasive dentistry advocates the maintenance of all repairable tooth structures during operative caries management in combination with remineralization strategies. This study evaluated the effect of air-abrasion operating parameters on its cutting efficiency/pattern using bio-active glass (BAG) powder and alumina powder as a control in order to develop its use as a minimally invasive operative technique. The cutting efficiency/pattern assessment on an enamel analogue, Macor, was preceded by studying the powder flow rate (PFR) of two different commercial intraoral air-abrasion units with differing powder-air admix systems. The parameters tested included air pressure, powder flow rate, nozzle-substrate distance, nozzle angle, shrouding the air stream with a curtain of water, and the chemistry of abrasive powder. The abraded troughs were scanned and analyzed using confocal white light profilometry and MountainsMap surface analysis software. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way and repeated-measures analysis of variance tests (p=0.05). The air-abrasion unit using a vibration mechanism to admix the abrasive powder with the air stream exhibited a constant PFR regardless of the set air pressure. Significant differences in cutting efficiency were observed according to the tested parameters (p<0.05). Alumina powder removed significantly more material than did BAG powder. Using low air pressure and suitable consideration of the effect of air-abrasion parameters on cutting efficiency/patterns can improve the ultraconservative cutting characteristics of BAG air-abrasion, thereby allowing an introduction of this technology for the controlled cleaning/removal of enamel, where it is indicated clinically.

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Kinetics of conversion of celestite to strontium carbonate in solutions containing carbonate, bicarbonate and ammonium ions and dissolved ammonia

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc130307066z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 345-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mert Zoraga ◽

Cem Kahruman

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Conversion Reaction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Shrinking Core

Celestite concentrate (SrSO4) has been converted to SrCO3 in solutions containing CO32-, HCO3- and NH4+ ions and dissolved ammonia. The effects of stirring speed, CO32- ion concentration; temperature and particle size of SrSO4 on the reaction rate were investigated. It was found that the conversion of SrSO4 was increased by increasing the temperature and decreasing the particle size, while the reaction rate was decreased with increasing the CO32- ion concentration. However, there was no effect of the stirring speed on the reaction rate. The conversion reaction was under chemical reaction control and the Shrinking Core Model was suitable to explain the reaction kinetics. The activation energy for the conversion reaction was found to be 41.9 kJ mol-1. The amounts of the elements in the reaction solution were determined quantitatively by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The characterization of the solid reactant and product was made using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction analytical techniques.

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A Comparative Study on Radio-Frequency Thermal Plasma Spheroidization for Two Types of Alumina Ceramic Powder

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.221 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1058 ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hai Long Zhu ◽

Hong Hui Tong ◽

Fa Zhan Yang ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Chang Ming Cheng

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Radio Frequency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Ceramic Powder ◽

Powder Flow ◽

Alumina Powder ◽

Powder Flow Rate

To obtain high-performance alumina powder for high-tech application, a comparative study was carried out for the spheroidization of two types of alumina powder using radio-frequency argon-oxygen thermal plasma. The morphology, crystallography, and particle size distribution of spheroidized alumina powder were analyzed. The effect of feed rate on the spheroidization efficiency was investigated. The results show that when the powder flow rate was 35 g/min, the spheroidization efficiency reached up to 100%, and the alumina powder had perfect sphericity, while the spheroidization efficiency decreased with increasing powder flow rate. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the spheroidized alumina powder had mixed crystal structures with a stable α phase and a part of metastable phase. The particle size distribution analysis shows that the particle size of the spheroidized alumina powder did not change obviously. These results will help us to better understand the process engineering of the spheroidization of ceramic powder using radio-frequency argon-oxygen thermal plasma, and provide simultaneously technical assistance for industrialization.

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Compression of Aggregates of Acid-Leached Coal Gangues: Implications for Coal Mine Backfill

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/7056430 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Wenyue Qi ◽

Jixiong Zhang ◽

Qiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Particle Size ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Compaction Stress

The compression mechanical properties of coal gangues subjected to acidic immersion were examined using a cylinder and a YAS-500 electrohydraulic servotesting system in order to investigate the effects of pH and particle size on its compaction stress-strain and stress-compaction relationships. The evolutionary trends of the leaching solution’s pH at various immersion times during the coal gangue corrosion process were analyzed. Then, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed on the leaching solutions to determine their chemical compositions and concentrations. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy also performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the coal gangues samples. The mechanisms of hydrochemical corrosion in coal gangues were ultimately elucidated by analyzing these results, taking into consideration the chemical reactions of the acidic solutions and coal gangues. The results indicate that hydrochemical damage in coal gangues is more sensitive to small particle size and stronger acidity. The compressive mechanical properties of coal gangues that had been immersed demonstrated that their bearing capacity decreased as the particle sizes decreased and acidity increased. It was also established that acid leaching changes the mineral composition, particles, and pores of coal gangues, thus degrading their compressive mechanical properties.

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An investigation of the effect of powder reservoir volume on the consistency of alumina powder flow rates in dental air-abrasion devices

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2007.12.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Avijit Banerjee ◽

Mohsin Uddin ◽

G. Paolinelis ◽

Timothy F. Watson

Keyword(s):

Powder Flow ◽

Alumina Powder ◽

Air Abrasion ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Reservoir Volume

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Particle-size dependent bactericidal activity of magnesium oxide against Xanthomonas perforans and bacterial spot of tomato

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54717-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Y. Y. Liao ◽

A. Strayer-Scherer ◽

J. C. White ◽

R. De La Torre-Roche ◽

L. Ritchie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Bacterial Spot ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Xanthomonas Perforans

AbstractBacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a highly destructive disease of tomatoes worldwide. Copper (Cu) bactericides are often ineffective due to the presence of Cu-tolerant strains. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an effective alternative to Cu bactericides against Xanthomonas spp. However, the effects of particle size on bactericidal activity and fruit elemental levels are unknown. In this study, nano (20 nm) and micron (0.3 and 0.6 µm) size MgO particles were compared for efficacy. Nano MgO had significantly greater in vitro bactericidal activity against Cu-tolerant X. perforans than micron MgO at 25–50 µg/ml. In field experiments nano and micron MgO applied at 200 and 1,000 µg/ml were evaluated for disease control. Nano MgO at 200 µg/ml was the only treatment that consistently reduced disease severity compared to the untreated control. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy revealed that nano MgO applications did not significantly alter Mg, Cu, Ca, K, Mn, P and S accumulation compared to fruits from the untreated plots. We demonstrated that although both nano MgO and micron MgO had bactericidal activity against Cu-tolerant strains in vitro, only nano MgO was effective in bacterial spot disease management under field conditions.

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