Does maternal psychopathology discriminate between children with DSM-IV generalised anxiety disorder or oppositional defiant disorder? The predictive validity of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology

The maladaptive personality and neuropsychological features of highly relationally aggressive females were examined in a group of 30 grade 6, 7, and 8 girls and group-matched controls. Employing a multistage cluster sampling procedure a group of highly, yet almost exclusively, relationally aggressive females were identified and matched on a number of variables to a group of nonaggressive females. Parents of the students in both groups completed the Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory, a 200-item DSM-IV-TR aligned, parent-as-respondent, standardized measure of children’s psychological functioning. It was found that high levels of relational aggression, in the absence of physical and verbal aggression, were associated with symptoms of DSM-IV-TR Axis I oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. The highly relationally aggressive group also exhibited a wide variety of personality traits associated with DSM-IV-TR Axis II paranoid, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, schizotypal, and passive aggressive personality disorders that were not exhibited by the matched controls. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Diagnostic validity of DSM-IV oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in preschoolers

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e552582012-148 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Kate Keenan

Keyword(s):

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Validity ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Dsm Iv

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DSM-IV Diagnosis of Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Implications and Guidelines for School Mental Health Teams

School Psychology Review ◽

10.1080/02796015.1996.12085817 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 274-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marc S. Atkins ◽

Mary McKernan McKay ◽

Elizabeth Talbott ◽

Patrice Arvanitis

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

School Mental Health ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Dsm Iv

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DSM-IV defined conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: an investigation of shared liability in female twins

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713001396 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 1053-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. S. Knopik ◽

L. C. Bidwell ◽

C. Flessner ◽

N. Nugent ◽

L. Swenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Hierarchical Structure ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Genetic Influences ◽

Two Stage ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Shared Genetic

BackgroundDSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria are not met for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure.MethodWe examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11–19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy.ResultsThe models suggested that DSM-IV ODD–CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences.ConclusionsThis is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.

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The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2010.12.1/trkjennerud ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Association Studies ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Cluster Structure ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Candidate Gene Association ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv

Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all ten personality disorders (PDs) classified on the DSM-IV axis II are modestly to moderately heritable. Shared environmental and nonadditive genetic factors are of minor or no importance. No sex differences have been identified, Multivariate studies suggest that the extensive comorbidity between the PDs can be explained by three common genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic factors do not reflect the DSM-IV cluster structure, but rather: i) broad vulnerability to PD pathology or negative emotionality; ii) high impulsivity/low agreeableness; and iii) introversion. Common genetic and environmental liability factors contribute to comorbidity between pairs or clusters of axis I and axis II disorders. Molecular genetic studies of PDs, mostly candidate gene association studies, indicate that genes linked to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, are involved. Future studies, using newer methods like genome-wide association, might take advantage of the use of endophenotypes.

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DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151076 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 209 (4) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yongsheng Tong ◽

Michael R. Phillips ◽

Kenneth R. Conner

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Control Group ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

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Diagnosing Oppositional Defiant Disorder Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Parent Version and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10862-012-9294-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Scott R. Anderson ◽

Thomas H. Ollendick

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Diagnostic Interview Schedule ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Parent Version

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Psychologists' and Social Workers' Self-Descriptions Using DSM—IV Psychopathology

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.103.1.173-188 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 173-188

Author(s):

Tali Nachshoni ◽

Yehuda Abramovitch ◽

Vladimir Lerner ◽

Miriam Assael-Amir ◽

Moshe Kotler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Social Workers ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Eating Problems ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv

There is limited information on mental health of psychologists and social workers despite their rendering mental health services, so their subjective perception of mental disorder was explored via a self-evaluation survey in which they self-diagnosed the presence of DSM-IV disorders within themselves. The sample of 128 professionals included 63 psychologists and 65 social workers. The presence of Axis I traits was reported by 81.2%, the three most frequent traits being mood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorder. Axis II traits were reported by 73.4% of subjects, the three most frequent conditions being narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality traits. While a high percentage of subjects reported the presence of either an Axis I or Axis II disorder, the average severity reported was low. More psychologists reported on mood, social phobia, and eating problems than social workers, while the latter reported more on psychotic problems. Psychologists reported more Axis II traits, especially paranoid, narcissistic, and avoidant subtypes. More women than men reported eating problems, while more men reported schizoid and avoidant personality traits. In conclusion, manifestations of subthreshold psychiatric conditions were prominently reported. These findings suggest encouraging mental health care professionals to explore treatment for problems if present.

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