Effect of water and fluoride content on morphology and barrier layer properties of TiO2 nanotubes grown in ethylene glycol-based electrolytes

To obtain a better understanding of TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NT) synthesis in different ethylene glycol (EG)-based electrolyte solutions by electrochemical anodization, the primary steps of TiO2-NT formation were studied by experimental and simulation techniques.

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EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON TIO2 NANOTUBES FORMATION IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.11294 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (5-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syahriza Ismail ◽

Khairil Azwa Khairul ◽

Nurul Asyikin Ahmad Nor Hisham ◽

Md Shuhazlly Mamat ◽

Mohd Asyadi Azam

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Crystalline Phase ◽

Tio2 Nanotubes ◽

Oxygen Vacancies ◽

Ammonium Fluoride ◽

Nanotube Arrays ◽

Anodization Voltage ◽

Ionic Mobilities ◽

Glycol Solution

The crystalline phase of the TiO2 nanotubes without further heat treatment were studied. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were produced by anodization of Ti foil at three different voltage; 10, 40, and 60 V in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 is a strong oxidizing agent which was used as oxygen provider to increase the oxidation rate for synthesizing highly ordered and smooth TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization at voltage greater than 10 V leads to the formation of tubular structure where higher anodization voltage (~ 60 V) yield to larger tube diameter (~ 180 nm). Crystallinity of the nanotubes is improved as the voltage was increased. The transformation of amorphous to anatase can be obtained for as anodized TiO2 without any heat treatment. The Raman spectra results show the anodization at 40 V and 60 V gives anatase peak in which confirms the crystalline phase. The stabilization of the crystalline phase is due to the oxygen vacancies and ionic mobilities during the anodization at high voltage.

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Effect of water content on physicochemical properties and electrochemical behavior of ionic liquids containing choline chloride, ethylene glycol and hydrated nickel chloride

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2015.10.028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 716-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

V.S. Protsenko ◽

A.A. Kityk ◽

D.A. Shaiderov ◽

F.I. Danilov

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Electrochemical Behavior ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Nickel Chloride ◽

Effect Of Water

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Effect of ethylene glycol concentration on the morphology and catalytic properties of TiO2 nanotubes

Catalysis Communications ◽

10.1016/j.catcom.2017.04.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hua Song ◽

Kai Cheng ◽

Haifeng Guo ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Junlei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Tio2 Nanotubes ◽

Catalytic Properties

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Effect of Water Content on Structural and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Titania Nanotube Synthesized in Fluoride Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.501.204 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 501 ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yingchin Lim ◽

Zulkarnain Zainal ◽

Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽

Weetee Tan

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Water Content ◽

Dimensional Change ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Linear Sweep ◽

X Ray ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Lower Water Content ◽

Scanning Electron

In this work, the effect of water content from < 1 to 100 vol% on the electrochemical anodization of titanium in ethylene glycol-based electrolyte was investigated. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their dimensional change was monitored by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). It was found that the microstructure and morphology of TiO2 varies dramatically with the water content. Nanotubes become less ordered with increasing water content up to 50 vol%. At 75 vol% water, only porous structure could be observed. Most importantly, at fixed applied voltage, smoother but relatively longer tubes can be grown with lower water content. Varying water content has no effect on the crystalline phase of the resulted nanotubes. However, the intensity of anatase (101) peak increases with increasing water content, indicating better crystallinity of samples. Nanotubes obtained in 50 vol% water exhibit the highest photoresponse when tested using linear sweep photovoltammetry due to enhanced microstructure and crystallinity.

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