EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON TIO2 NANOTUBES FORMATION IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahriza Ismail ◽  
Khairil Azwa Khairul ◽  
Nurul Asyikin Ahmad Nor Hisham ◽  
Md Shuhazlly Mamat ◽  
Mohd Asyadi Azam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Glycol Solution

The crystalline phase of the TiO2 nanotubes without further heat treatment were studied. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were produced by anodization of Ti foil at three different voltage; 10, 40, and 60 V in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 is a strong oxidizing agent which was used as oxygen provider to increase the oxidation rate for synthesizing highly ordered and smooth TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization at voltage greater than 10 V leads to the formation of tubular structure where higher anodization voltage (~ 60 V) yield to larger tube diameter (~ 180 nm). Crystallinity of the nanotubes is improved as the voltage was increased. The transformation of amorphous to anatase can be obtained for as anodized TiO2 without any heat treatment. The Raman spectra results show the anodization at 40 V and 60 V gives anatase peak in which confirms the crystalline phase. The stabilization of the crystalline phase is due to the oxygen vacancies and ionic mobilities during the anodization at high voltage. 

Kinetic analysis of the anodic growth of TiO2 nanotubes: effects of voltage and temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 14098-14108
Author(s):  
Wanggang Zhang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Jiameng Liu ◽  
Fuqian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Organic Electrolyte ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Anodization Process

Two-step anodization process is used to grow TiO2 nanotube arrays in an organic electrolyte consisting of water, NH4F, and ethylene glycol. The growth of TiO2 nanotubes is dependent on temperature, anodization voltage and growth time.

C-axis preferentially oriented and fully activated TiO2 nanotube arrays for lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 11454-11464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengyu Pan ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Xueyuan Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Haobo Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays

We report the fabrication of long titanium dioxide nanotube arrays with highly c-axis preferentially oriented crystallization and a high concentration of oxygen vacancies by second anodization in ethylene glycol and annealing under poor-oxygen conditions.

The Effect of Preparation Temperature of Electrolytes on Undoped and Ag-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somkuan Photharin ◽  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Rinnatha Vongwatthaporn ◽  
Narongsak Kodtharin ◽  
Ramida Chaiyarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preparation Temperature ◽  
X Ray

In this work, we present the effect of preparation temperature of electrolytes for fabricating undoped and silver (Ag) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes by the electrochemical anodic oxidation of pure titanium sheets in electrolytes, mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and deionized water, that contain with different of silver ions. Heat treatment of electrolytes was carried out at 100 °C during preparation process. The morphology and structure of prepared nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structures of TiO2 nanotubes obtained from heat treatment and non-heat treatment of electrolyte solutions and adding silver ions in electrolyte solution are similar. The nanotubes appear in arrays and the diameters of nanotubes were about 92 nm for non-heat treatment electrolyte solution and undoped TiO2 and about 102 nm for heat treatment electrolyte solution and all Ag-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays. When the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) increases, the TiO2 nanotube arrays cracked and are not well arranged.

The Fabrication of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Xu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Wen Xia Zhao ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Highly ordered closely packed TiO2 nanotubes were successfully fabricated by anodization of Ti foils in ethylene glycol-based electrolytes. For an identified electrolyte, the dependence manner of the nanotube dimension to the anodization parameters, including anodization voltage and time were systematically investigated. The inner diameter depends linearly on the anodization voltage but is time independent. The morphology of the tube is relative to the anodization voltage. The tube length is closely relative to the anodization time. Keeping the anodization voltage, the length will increase with the time rising to an extent and then maintain a relatively steady value. Longer nanotubes will be obtained when the anodization voltage is higher for a determined time. TiO2 nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated. The results showed that the conversion efficiency was related to the tube dimension. The optimum efficiency of 4.25% is obtained.

SELF-ORDERING ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS: CONTROLLING THE NANOTUBE GEOMETRY AND THE GROWTH RATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA KANT ◽  
DUSAN LOSIC
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Nanotube Growth

We report the fabrication of highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays employing electrochemical anodization of titanium using an organic electrolyte comprised of water, NH 4 F , and ethylene glycol. To achieve the self-ordering regime of TiO 2 nanotube growth and reliable fabrication optimal potential window between 80 and 100 V was determined. We show that anodization voltage can be used not only to control nanotube diameters (70–180 nm) but also to have impact on nanotube growth rate. The anodization voltage and anodization time were used to adjust the length of TiO 2 nanotube (thickness of nanotube layer). TiO 2 nanotube array films and self-supporting layers with thickness from < 5 μm to > 250 μm were routinely fabricated.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Anodization and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes for Photo Electrochemical Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
C U Bhadra ◽  
D Henry Raja ◽  
D Jonas Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Titania Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes ◽  
Inner Diameter

Abstract Due to its multitude of applications, titanium oxide is one of the most coveted and most sought-after materials. The above experiment demonstrated that TiO2 nanotube arrays might be formed by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil. The 0.25 wt% ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was added to a solution of 99% ethylene glycol. Anodization is carried out at a constant DC voltage of 12V for 1 hour. Then, the annealing process is carried out for 1 hour at 4800C, which is known as an annealing. FE-SEM were utilized to evaluate the surface morphology of the nanotube arrays that were made. At the wavelength of 405 nm, sharply peaked photoluminescence intensity was observed, which corresponded tothe band gap energy (3.2 eV) of the anatase TiO2 phase. Since free excitations appear at 391 and 496 nm, and since oxygen vacancies are developed on the surface of titania nanotube arrays, it is reasonable to conclude that free excitations and oxygen vacancies are the causes of humps at 391 and 496 nm, and that they may also be present at 412 and 450 nm. FESEM results showed uniformly aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays with an inner diameter of 100 nm and a wall thickness of 50 nm

Effect of Fluoride Concentration and Water Content on Morphology of Titania Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Naghizadeh ◽  
Saber Ghannadi ◽  
Hossein Abdizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inner Diameter

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays were prepared at room temperature by electrochemical anodization of a pure titanium foil in electrolyte solutions containing ethylene glycol as a solvent and de-ionized water and ammonium fluoride as additives. Since the morphology and size of TiO2 nanotubes play critical roles in determining their performance, the control of geometrical parameters of the nanotube arrays including length and inner diameter are of great importance. The present research demonstrates the significant effects of fluoride concentration and water content in anodizing electrolyte on formation of nanotubes and their dimensions. Scanning electron microscope investigation shows that nanotube arrays are no longer formed in very low or very high concentration of ammonium fluoride. Also, increase in fluoride concentration causes increase in lengths and inner diameters of the nanotubes. Moreover, it is evident that the maximum nanotube growth rate was achieved in medium amount of water. In addition, it is found that the nanotube inner diameter increases by adding more water to the solution.

Synthesis of Self-Aligned Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays in Ammonium Fluoride-Ethylene Glycol Electrolytes with Different Water Contents

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 788-792
Author(s):  
Sasitorn Thongyoy ◽  
Areeya Aeimbhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Anodisation Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this research is to fabricate of TiO2nanotube arrays by potentiostatic anodisation process on titanium sheets. Anodisation is carried out under various applied potentials ranging from 20 to 30 volts for 1-3 hours at room temperature. Anodised were conducted in 1-4 wt% NH4F, water-based electrolyte and ethylene glycol-based electrolyte. The morphology of the anodised surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. When titanium sheets were anodised in various conditions, surface morphology of anodised titanium change remarkably with the changing of applied voltages, chemical composition of the electrolyte and anodisation time. The results of the present work show that the highly ordered and uniformly distributed TiO2nanotubes on titanium substrate can be fabricated by using mixtures of NH4F, ethylene glycol and water with appropriate conditions. Moreover, the anodisation potential and the water content play significant roles in the formation of TiO2nanotube with different inner tube diameters. The length of TiO2nanotube was controlled by anodisation time.

scholarly journals Investigation the effect of anodization voltage on the geometrical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays for degradation of p-nitrophenol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Khoshsirat Janekbari ◽  
Neda Gilani ◽  
azadeh ebrahimian pirbazari
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Geometrical Properties

p-nitrophenol (PNP) is a nitroaromatic compound that poses a potential environmental hazard because of its acute toxicity, high carcinogenicity, low biodegradability and cumulative effect. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have shown great potential as ideal and powerful photocatalysts in purification of polluted water due to their high photo oxidation, anti-fogging, nontoxicity, good chemical stability and low cost. Therefore, TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by two-step anodization process at 30,40 and 50V; and were used in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollution p-nitrophenol. In order to have the crystal structure, nanotubes were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. Characterizing of TiO2 nanotubes were evaluated by FESEM, XRD and Spectrophotometry analyses. Effect of anodization voltage on nanotube’s length and diameter were investigated. The result showed that as anodization voltage increases from 30V to 50V, nanotube’s length, diameter and wall thickness increase linearly from 1.4 μm to 4.8 μm, 45 nm to 100nm and 15nm to 25 nm, respectively. Increasing in anodization voltage lead to enhancement in porosity (0.4-0.5) and roughness factor (109-194) of TiO2 nanotubes, respectively. By investigating kinetic of degradation of p-nitrophenol, it was observed that mechanism of photocatalytic degradation for all samples are followed first order kinetic. The results indicate that amongst all synthesized samples, 50 V sample with 38%, shows the most efficiency in degradation of p-nitrophenol under UV irradiation.

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