scholarly journals Ecosystem Functioning Influences Species Fitness at Upper Trophic Levels

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Regos ◽  
Luis Tapia ◽  
Salvador Arenas-Castro ◽  
Alberto Gil-Carrera ◽  
Jesús Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Golden Eagle ◽  
Ecological Fitness

AbstractGlobal change is severely affecting ecosystem functioning and biodiversity globally. Remotely sensed ecosystem functional attributes (EFAs) are integrative descriptors of the environmental change—being closely related to the processes directly affecting food chains via trophic cascades. Here we tested if EFAs can explain the species fitness at upper trophic levels. We took advantage of a long-term time series database of the reproductive success of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)—an apex predator at the upper trophic level—over a 17-year period across a bioclimatic gradient (NW Spain; c. 29,575 km2). We computed a comprehensive database of EFAs from three MODIS satellite-products related to the carbon cycle, heat dynamics and radiative balance. We also assessed possible time-lag in the response of the Golden Eagle to fire, a critical disruptor of the surface energy budget in our region. We explored the role of EFAs on the fitness of the Golden Eagle with logistic-exposure nest survival models. Our models showed that the reproductive performance of the Golden Eagle is influenced by spatiotemporal variations in land surface temperature, albedo and vegetation productivity (AUC values from 0.71 to 0.8; ΣWi EFAs from 0.66 to 1). Fire disturbance also affected ecological fitness of this apex predator—with a limited effect at 3 years after fire (a time-lagged response to surface energy budget disruptions; ΣWi Fire = 0.62). Our study provides evidence for the influence of the matter and energy fluxes between land surface and atmosphere on the reproductive success of species at upper trophic levels.

Evaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 310 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 236-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Kampf ◽  
Scott W. Tyler ◽  
Cristián A. Ortiz ◽  
José F. Muñoz ◽  
Paula L. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Northern Chile

scholarly journals Modeling the Surface Energy Budget during the Thawing Period of the 2006 Montreal Urban Snow Experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Leroyer ◽  
Jocelyn Mailhot ◽  
Stéphane Bélair ◽  
Aude Lemonsu ◽  
Ian B. Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Thermal Roughness Length

Abstract The Montreal Urban Snow Experiment was dedicated to furthering the understanding of micrometeorological processes involved in the late winter–early spring transition period in a Canadian city. A surface energy budget (SEB) measurement site was installed in a dense residential area of Montreal for several weeks in 2005 and 2006. This paper focuses on the last 6 days of the 2006 experiment (23–28 March 2006), after snowmelt and before vegetation became active, with the objectives of providing a better understanding of physical processes involved during this transition period and examining their impact on the SEB. The Town Energy Balance urban canopy model and the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere force–restore land surface model are used in stand-alone mode and are forced with meteorological data measured at the top of a 20-m AGL instrumented tower. Preliminary results reveal deficiencies in the models’ ability to simulate the surface energy budget partitioning, and in particular show overestimation of the sensible heat flux. Sensitivity studies indicate that a large portion of these problems is related to the latent heat transfer involved in natural soil freeze/thaw processes, which has a significant effect on the surface energy budget in this urban area. It is also found that the SEB in this particular situation is very sensitive to the thermal roughness length used for local energy exchange over the roof and road surfaces.

scholarly journals Basin-scale assessment of the land surface energy budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Xia ◽  
Brian A. Cosgrove ◽  
Kenneth E. Mitchell ◽  
Christa D. Peters-Lidard ◽  
Michael B. Ek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Environmental Prediction

scholarly journals An Observational Analysis and Evaluation of Land Surface Model Accuracy in the Nebraska Sand Hills

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Radell ◽  
Clinton M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Latent Heating ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
The Mean

Abstract In this study, the influence of subsurface water on the energy budget components of three locations with heterogeneous land surfaces in the Nebraska Sand Hills are examined through observations and use of the Noah land surface model (LSM). Observations of the four primary components of the surface energy budget are compared for a wet interdunal meadow valley, a dry interdunal valley, and a dunal upland location. With similar atmospheric forcing at each site, it was determined that differences in the partitioning of the mean diurnal net radiation (Rnet) existed among the three locations due to the influence of varied soil moisture and vegetation through the year. At the wet valley, observations indicated that almost 65% of the mean daily peak Rnet was used for latent heating, due to the relatively higher soil moisture content resulting from an annual upward gradient of subsurface water and denser vegetation. In sharp contrast, the dunal upland site yielded only 21% of the mean daily peak Rnet going to latent heating, and a greater mean diurnal soil heat flux with typically drier soils and sparser vegetation than at the wet valley. The dry valley partition of the peak Rnet fell between the wet valley and dunal upland site, with approximately 50% going to sensible heating and 50% toward latent heating. In addition to the observational analysis, an uncoupled land surface model was forced with the observations from each site to simulate the energy budgets, with no tuning of the model’s fundamental equations and with little adjustment of the model parameters to improve results. While the model was able to reasonably simulate the mean diurnal and annual energy budget components at all locations, in most instances with root-mean-square errors within 20%–25% of the observed values, the lack of explicit treatment of subsurface water within the model limited predictability, particularly at the wet valley site. For instance, only 25% of the peak mean diurnal Rnet went toward latent heating in the model simulation of the wet valley, compared to 65% as estimated by observations. Model evaluation statistics are presented to document the land surface model’s ability to capture the annual and mean diurnal variations in the surface energy budget terms at the dry valley and dunal upland sites, but the absence of subsurface water results in large errors in the wet valley simulation. From these results, a case is made for the future inclusion of the explicit treatment of subsurface water within the Noah LSM to better approximate the prediction of the surface energy budget in such environments.

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