scholarly journals Hydrogeology and geochemistry of the sulfur karst springs at Santa Cesarea Terme (Apulia, southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia M. D’Angeli ◽  
Jo De Waele ◽  
Adriano Fiorucci ◽  
Bartolomeo Vigna ◽  
Stefano M. Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Native Sulfur ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Acidic Waters

AbstractThis work describes the geochemical and hydrogeological characteristics of Santa Cesarea Terme, an active sulfuric acid speleogenetic system located along the Adriatic coastline (Apulia, southern Italy). It represents a very peculiar site, where rising thermal and acidic waters mix with seawater creating undersaturated solutions with respect to CaCO3, able to dissolve and corrode limestone and create caves. The Santa Cesarea Terme system is composed of four caves: Fetida, Sulfurea, Gattulla, and Solfatara. Hypogene morphologies and abundant deposits of native sulfur (especially in Gattulla Cave) and sulfate minerals are present in these caves. Fetida and Gattulla caves were investigated primarily because they are easily accessible throughout the whole year through artificial entrances, the other caves being reachable only from the sea. Geochemical analysis of water, monitoring of cave atmosphere, and measurement of the stable isotopes of S, O, and H helped to identify the main processes occurring in this complex cave system. In particular, changes in Ba2+ and Sr2+ concentration allowed for the identification of two main domains of influence, characterized by marine and rising acidic waters.

Karst porosity development in layered and fractured carbonates: field evidences of structural control on sulfuric acid speleogenesis (Majella Massif, Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pisani ◽  
Marco Antonellini ◽  
Ilenia Maria D'Angeli ◽  
Jo De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Spatial Geometry

<p>Sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) has been widely recognized as one of the most aggressive processes involving carbonate dissolution and rapid formation of karst porosity under hypogenic conditions. Italian carbonate sequences, and especially those outcropping in the Central Apennines, host some of the best studied hypogenic SAS caves of Italy (such as Frasassi, Monte Cucco, Acquasanta Terme, just to mention the most famous).</p><p>The Cavallone-Bove cave system (CBS) is one of the longest natural caves in Abruzzo region (over 1 km of length) and opens at ca 1470 m asl in the Taranta Gorge, Majella Massif. The sulfuric-acid origin of this inactive hypogenic system has been previously proven by D’Angeli et al. (2019) using field evidences, secondary minerals and stable isotopes analysis. <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of alunite deposits suggested the SAS process occurred about 1.52 ± 0.28 Ma.</p><p>Both caves are characterized by a main sub-horizontal rounded or trapezoidal passage with only minor secondary branches and sub-vertical rift-conduits (feeders). Spatial geometry and arrangement of CBS conduits differs significantly from typical SAS water table caves, where complex anastomotic or maze network patterns are observed. Combining classical geological surveys, fracture stratigraphy and cave morphogenetical analysis we characterized the speleogenesis of the CBS. Field observations, remote sensing, detailed geological and geomorphological surveys were performed to characterize the structural evolution of the carbonate sequence hosting the caves, and to explain the relationship with the peculiar spatial and functional organization of CBS.</p><p>Our work highlights that lithostratigraphy and fractures pattern guide the development of karst macro-porosity in a specific stratigraphic interval within the Santo Spirito Formation, consisting mainly of layered micritic limestones, confined at the top by a chert interlayers dominant member. Through-going faults and fracture-clusters zones are identified as the main permeability pathways for ascending and laterally spreading H<sub>2</sub>S fluids, influencing the spatial localization of conduits. These fluids reacted close to past water table in oxi-conditions, creating aggressive H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Sulphur stable isotopes signatures of secondary minerals suggest an origin for these H<sub>2</sub>S bearing fluids from deep-seated Triassic evaporites interacting with hydrocarbons, thus migrated upward through a network of interconnected fractures. Permeability pathways for this vertical ascending flow were provided by NW-SE persistent strike-slip fault zones segmenting the eastern front of the Majella anticline structure and NNE-SSW striking fracture-clusters localized in the hinge zone of the fold.</p>

scholarly journals Fate of sulfide in the Frasassi cave system and implications for sulfuric acid speleogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Lubos Polerecky ◽  
Sandro Galdenzi ◽  
Brian A. Dempsey ◽  
Jennifer L. Macalady
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Cave System

scholarly journals Nyitni vagy nem nyitni? – Pilisi barlangok szellőzöttsége a geokémiai adatok tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
The Given

Speleothem formations are one of the most important and informative objects in paleoclimatological research. However, in order to interpret the data that reflect environmental conditions, we have to know the operation of the given cave, and it should be determined how the composition of the carbonate formed at the given site is related to the changes in the environmental parameters. The study presents the results of stable isotope geochemical analysis of speleothem formations and carbonate precipitated on glass plates collected in the Vacska Cave (Pilis Hills). The youngest layer of carbonate formations, formed in the last 1-2 decades, shows an isotope fractionation sign indicating strong ventilation, with the exception of a single site farthest from the entrance to the cave. The isotope shift was also accompanied by a change in carbonate fabric. Preceding the fabric change, the carbonate of the speleothem formations did not show ventilation-related shifts in the isotope compositions, suggesting that the exploration and opening of the cave areas may have caused the change. Based on this, we recommend the installation of local closures in the Vacska Cave and in the entire Ariadne cave system. The study provides a good example of how the results of basic research can be utilized in practical environmental protection, in the preservation of a strictly protected cave environment.

the context of evidence from other spheres. This evidence of manipulation may correspond to increasing concern with the production of corporate descent groups, lineages or other communities or sub-groups as suggested by Robb (1994a: 49ff) for southern Italy and by others dealing with the Neolithic elsewhere (e.g. Chapman 1981 ; Thomas & Whittle 1986). This suggests different spatialities to those described for the earlier Epipalaeolithic burials, as does the evidence in much of Neolithic southern Italy for separation of activities such as not only the procurement but also the consumption of wild animals. Remains of these are extremely rare at most settlement sites, but evidenced at other locations whether associated with 'cults' e.g. the later Neoltihic (Serra d'Alto) hypogeum at Santa Barbara, (PUG: Geniola 1987; Whitehouse 1985; 1992; 1996; Geniola 1987), or at apparently more utilitarian hunting sites e.g. Riparo della Sperlinga di S. Basilio (SIC: Biduttu 1971; Cavalier 1971). One interpretation may wish to link these to newly or differently gendered zones or landscapes (see below). ART, GENDER AND TEMPORALITIES In southern Italy there is a rich corpus of earlier prehistoric cave art, parietal and mobiliary, ranging from LUP incised representations on cave walls and engraved designs on stones and bones; probable Mesolithic incised lines and painted pebbles; and Neolithic wall paintings in caves (Pluciennik 1996). Here I shall concentrate on two caves in northwest Sicilia; a place where there is both LUP (i.e. from c. 18000-9000 cal. BC) and later prehistoric art, including paintings in caves from the Neolithic, perhaps at around 6000 or 7000 years ago. These are the Grotta Addaura II, a relatively open location near Palermo, and the more hidden inner chamber of the Grotta del Genovese on the island of Levanzo off north west Sicilia. These are isolated, though not unique examples, but we cannot talk about an integrated corpus of work, or easily compare and contrast within a widespread genre, even if we could assign rough contemporaneity. Grotta dell'Addaura II Despite poor dating evidence for the representations at this cave, material from the excavations perhaps suggests they are 10-12000 years old (Bovio Marconi 1953a). Many parts of the surface show evidence of repeated incision, perhaps also erasure as well as erosion, producing a palimpsest of humans and animals and other lines, without apparent syntax. Most of the interpretations of this cave art have centred on a unique 'scene' (fig. 3) in which various masked or beaked vertical figures surround two horizontal ones, one (H5) above the other (H6), with beak-like penes or penis-sheaths, and cords or straps between their buttocks and backs. These central figures could be flying or floating, and have been described as 'acrobats'. Bovio Marconi (1953a: 12) first suggested that the central figures were engaged in an act of homosexual copulation, but later preferred to emphasise her suggestion of acrobatic feats, though still connected with a virility ritual (1953b). The act of hanging also leads to penile erection and ejaculation; and in the 1950s Chiapella (1954) and Blanc (1954; 1955) linked this with human sacrifice, death and fertility rites. All of these interpretations of this scene are generally ethnographically plausible. Rituals of masturbation (sometimes of berdaches, men who lived as women) are recorded from North America, where the consequent dispersal of semen on ground symbolised natural fertility (Fulton & Anderson 1992: 609, note 19). In modern Papua New Guinea ritual fellatio was used in initiation ceremonies as a way of giving male-associated sexual power to boys becoming men (Herdt 1984) and this ethnographic analogy has been used by Tim Yates (1993) in his interpretation of rock art in Scandinavia, which has figures with penes, and figures without: he argues in a very unFreudian manner that to be penis-less is not necessarily a female prerogative.

2016 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
North West ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Sexual Power ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Cave Art

Descriptive Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the City and Province of Torino

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Colombo ◽  
Sabina Rendine ◽  
Roberto Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Between 1950–54 and 1970–74 the mortality rates from breast cancer showed a 35 % increase in Italy. In the city of Torino, an increase occurred between 1950–54 and 1960–64 but not in the following 10-year period. These trends were confirmed by the analysis of rates by cohorts of birth. In the province of Torino, between 1960–64 and 1970–74 the increase in breast cancer death rates was far lower than in the other provinces of Piedmont. It is suggested that the peculiar patterns in the city and in the province of Torino reflect qualitative changes of lifestyle brought about by the conspicous immigration from southern Italy during the sixties.

Vision, subalternity, and religious imaginary in southern Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 003776862096065
Author(s):  
Roberto Beneduce
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Religious Imaginary

Vision and divine voice, however defined, are at the heart of religious experience. The meeting with the Other sustains new ways of life and grants deep transformations in subjectivity. After chronicling the difficulty, indeed outright impossibility, of circumscribing and defining these complex experiences, as well as the opacity of the dominant categories that have been adopted by sociology, anthropology, phenomenology, and psychiatry, this article explores three case histories from southern Italy. Each one reveals a particular knot where private (and traumatic) experience has incorporated historical horizons and collective anxieties. By adopting a historical and comparative perspective, the author investigates how visions, voices – and more generally the encounter with transcendence – enable subalterns to deal with suffering and marginality and, more importantly, to build a view of how the world is and works. Finally, the article suggests that these experiences allow a transformation of the nostalgia for agency into new ‘horizons of expectation’.

Agathokles’ Life and Times

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-38
Author(s):  
Christopher de Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The Other

This chapter provides a narrative overview of Agathokles’ life and career as a foundation for the analytical chapters which follow. The collapse and revival of Syracusan hegemony in Sicily and the rise of Macedon in mainland Greece were the central features of Agathokles’ youth. His rise to dominance in Syracuse in the years preceding 317 BC highlight the difficulties inherent in our source material for his career. This seizure of power resulted in three interlinked wars: against his exiled Syracusan opponents, against the other poleis of eastern Sicily, and eventually against the Carthaginians. Agathokles invaded Africa in 310. Unable to decisively defeat the Carthaginians, he made peace with them in 306, but destroyed his opponents in Sicily. Around 304 BC he assumed the title of king. Subsequently he engaged in campaigns in southern Italy and the Adriatic. An ill-managed succession resulted in the dissolution of his kingdom at his death in 289.

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