Descriptive Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the City and Province of Torino

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Colombo ◽  
Sabina Rendine ◽  
Roberto Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Between 1950–54 and 1970–74 the mortality rates from breast cancer showed a 35 % increase in Italy. In the city of Torino, an increase occurred between 1950–54 and 1960–64 but not in the following 10-year period. These trends were confirmed by the analysis of rates by cohorts of birth. In the province of Torino, between 1960–64 and 1970–74 the increase in breast cancer death rates was far lower than in the other provinces of Piedmont. It is suggested that the peculiar patterns in the city and in the province of Torino reflect qualitative changes of lifestyle brought about by the conspicous immigration from southern Italy during the sixties.

Is Breast Cancer Ever Cured? Follow-Up Study of 5623 Breast Cancer Patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Rita Bonardi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

The authors evaluated 5623 cases of primary breast cancer followed for 1 to 21 years. Overall and breast cancer death rates were determined and compared to expected rates. Breast cancer patients showed overall and breast cancer death rates significantly higher than expected and which persisted at long-term follow-up. The observed/expected overall death ratios for follow-up periods of 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 or 16–20 years were 3.61, 2.55, 1.60 and 2.11, respectively. Death rates from breast cancer at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 20%, 32%, 40% and 48% respectively. The evidence of a persistent excess mortality even after long-term follow-up suggests the hypothesis that breast cancer is a systemic disease when clinically diagnosed. This study provided no evidence of a « clinical » cure for breast cancer patients. Even for N- patients the 5, 10, 15 and 20 year death rates from breast cancer were 12%, 20%, 28% and 38%, respectively. N- breast cancer, which is currently considered as a localized disease cured by surgery in most cases, would be better regarded to as a slow-growing metastatic disease, although « personal » cure may be achieved in many subjects dying of causes other than breast cancer.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY AMONG CATHOLICS AND LUTHERANS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY POZNAŃ

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA LICZBIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The City ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to show the differences in the mortality rates of children from Catholic and Lutheran families in 19th century Poznań, and to elucidate the causes of these differences. Data from Catholic and Lutheran parish death registers were used. The infant death rate (IDR), neonatal and postneonatal death rates and life table biometric functions were calculated and causes of deaths were characterized. The worst child mortality values (IDR=394.4; neonatal and postneonatal death rates, respectively, 117.1 and 277.4; e0=16.14 years; Crow's Index=2.47) were obtained for the poor Catholic Parish of St Margaret. The lowest infant and neonatal and postneonatal death rates were observed to have occurred in the Catholic Parish of St Maria Magdalena situated in the city's more affluent central area (mortality rates, respectively, 269.9, 93.1 and 176.9; e0=24.63 years; Crow's Index=0.96). The widest range of differences with regard to death rates was found for the Lutheran Parish of St Cross (the infant, neonatal and postneonatal death rates were, respectively, 293.1, 99.1 and 193.9; e0=28.03 years; Crow's Index=0.92). The St Cross Parish encompassed a fairly large area of the city characterized by varying ecological conditions. Among infants and young children from the three studied populations a high frequency of deaths due to infectious diseases, diarrhoeas, dysenteries and tuberculosis were observed. Differences in the mortality of children from Catholic and Lutheran families in 19th century Poznań resulted from ecological conditions, among which water played the most important role, rather than from religious differences.

scholarly journals Participation in Mammography Screening Accomplishes an Enduring and Significant Reduction in Breast Cancer Mortality in the Era of Modern Therapy: An Observational Study Spanning 52 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 56s-56s
Author(s):  
R. Smith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Screening Trial

Background: A significant decrease in breast cancer mortality has been demonstrated in populations invited to mammography screening. There have been questions regarding the value of mammography in the era of modern therapies, and the relative contribution of mammography screening and modern therapy on mortality reduction. Aim: We have sought to clarify the extent to which early detection through mammography screening contributes to the reduction of breast cancer death in the era of modern adjuvant therapies. We address this question by studying five decades of continuous data from a stable population spanning the pre- and postscreening and adjuvant therapy periods. Methods: We analyzed changes in breast cancer mortality in a stable population in Dalarna County, Sweden, among women aged 40-69 years during the 52 years from 1964 through 2015. Mortality data were obtained from the National Cause of Death Register in Sweden, and incidence data from the Swedish National Cancer Registry. Crude and incidence-based mortality rates were compared among four successive 13-year periods: the prescreening period from 1964 through 1976, the Swedish Two-County randomized screening trial period from 1977 through 1989, and two service screening periods from 1990-2002 and from 2003-2015. Furthermore, we measured the effect of early detection upon breast cancer mortality in women exposed to mammography screening by comparison with breast cancer death in women not exposed to mammography screening, within these three screening periods. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression, with corrections for lead time and self-selection bias. Results: There were 5844 incident cases and 1425 breast cancer deaths during the 52 years of observation. The relative breast cancer mortality rates associated with exposure to screening, adjusted for self-selection bias, were 0.46 (95% CI 0.30-0.69) in the trial period (1977-1989), 0.44 (95% CI 0.30-0.65) in the 1990-2002 period, and 0.37 (95% CI 0.24-0.56) in the 2003-2015 period. The significant reductions in incidence-based breast cancer mortality associated with exposure to screening were independent of contemporaneous changes in therapy. Conclusion: The combination of early detection of breast cancer through mammography screening and the resultant earlier treatment has significantly reduced breast cancer mortality in Dalarna County in the women exposed to screening, compared with the women not participating in screening, by a factor of 2.2 in the screening trial period, increasing to a factor of 2.7 in the most recent service screening period. These mortality benefits can be attributed to the far greater effectiveness of modern therapeutic methods upon cancers detected at screening compared with the poorer effectiveness of the same therapeutic methods in women not participating in screening.

Cancer of the Breast in Women Born in Southern Italy and who Migrated to the City of Torino

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Merletti ◽  
Stefano Rosso ◽  
Benedetto Terracini ◽  
Alberto Pier Mario Cappa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
The City ◽  
Incident Breast Cancer

Individual demographic data of 459 women living in Torino with incident breast cancer diagnosed in 1979 were compared with those of a random sample of 1800 women drawn from the list of residents in the same city. Among women aged 25–44 and 45+ years, age-adjusted odds ratios for birth in southern Italy were respectively 1.3 (95% CL, 0.1–2.1) and 0.7 (95% CL, 0.5–0.9). In women aged 45+ years, odds ratios increased with length of residence in Torino.

scholarly journals Denominator Adjusted PGE Fertility and Mortality Rates for Pakistan and Bangladesh: 1962 - 65

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Growth Estimation ◽  
Longitudinal Registration ◽  
Sampling Approach

The Population Growth Estimation (PGE) experiment of Pakistan, launched in 1961 to collect data on births and deaths through a sampling approach, yielded estimates of vital rates for the years 1962 through 1965. The statistics obtained through the PGE for each of the former two wings of the country namely West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangla¬desh) were included in the two reports on PGE which also provided a description of the project design and some of the results [4, 5]. The overall aim of the PGE was to arrive at reliable estimates of birth and death rates through improved coverage by the simultaneous use of Longitudinal Registration (LR) and retrospective Cross-sectional Survey (CS), which were each independently carried out in the same sample areas. The purpose behind using the two systems was that either the registration or the survey when used alone would miss some events of births and deaths which had actually occurred, whereas under the dual system if one system failed to cover some events, the other was likely to pick these up and vice versa.

Improvement in Breast Cancer Outcomes Over Time: Are Older Women Missing Out?

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (35) ◽  
pp. 4647-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Smith ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Sandra S. McLaughlin ◽  
Arti Hurria ◽  
Grace L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
Breast Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Yearly Change ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Women aged ≥ 75 years account for 40,000 breast cancers/yr and are the most rapidly growing demographic. Recent data demonstrated that breast cancer death rates in the US population are declining, but it is not known whether death rates have declined similarly for older and younger women. We examined the following two outcomes: the rate of breast cancer death in the general population and the risk of breast cancer death in newly diagnosed patients, and we compared change over time in these outcomes for older versus younger women. Methods By using data from National Vital Statistics Reports that spanned from 1990 to 2007, the yearly change in the age-specific rate of breast cancer death was characterized with linear regression. With the use of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results nine-registry cohort that spanned from 1980 to 1997, the yearly change in age-specific risk of breast cancer death was characterized by using competing-risks regression adjusted for race and stage. Results Relative to 1990, the rate of breast cancer death in the general population decreased by 2.5%/yr for women age 20 to 49 years, 2.1%/yr for women age 50 to 64 years, 2.0%/yr for women age 65 to 74 years, and 1.1%/yr for women age ≥ 75 years. From 1980 to 1997, the adjusted risk of breast cancer death in newly diagnosed patients decreased by 3.6%/yr for women age less than 75 years versus 1.3%/yr for women age ≥ 75 years (P < .001). Over this time interval, the 10-year absolute risk of breast cancer death decreased by 15.3% for women age 50 to 64 years (from 31.9% to 16.6%) but by only 7.5% (from 24.8% to 17.4%) for women age ≥ 75 years. Conclusion Breast cancer outcomes have preferentially improved in women age less than 75 years. Focused research is needed to improve outcomes in older women.

Inequalities in Health and Disease: The Case of Mortality Rates for the City of Johannesburg, South Africa, 1910–1979

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Unterhalter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

This article analyzes crude death and infant mortality rates for the different population groups in Johannesburg, the largest city in the Republic of South Africa. The analysis is based on official statistics collected by the Department of Health between 1910 and 1979. Over this period, death rates have declined for white, black, Colored, and Asian citizens. However, the present situation reflects the gross inequalities in the health status of the different population groups in South Africa, a country where disease patterns and access to medical resources are as stratified as any other index of social class.

Sudden fall in breast cancer death rates in England and Wales

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 345 (8965) ◽  
pp. 1642-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Beral ◽  
Carol Hermon ◽  
Gillian Reeves ◽  
Richard Peto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Breast Cancer Death

scholarly journals A multi-country comparison of stochastic models of breast cancer mortality with P-splines smoothing approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Mubarik ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Chuanhua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Mortality Models

Abstract Background Precise predictions of incidence and mortality rates due to breast cancer (BC) are required for planning of public health programs as well as for clinical services. A number of approaches has been established for prediction of mortality using stochastic models. The performance of these models intensely depends on different patterns shown by mortality data in different countries. Methods The BC mortality data is retrieved from the Global burden of disease (GBD) study 2017 database. This study include BC mortality rates from 1990 to 2017, with ages 20 to 80+ years old women, for different Asian countries. Our study extend the current literature on Asian BC mortality data, on both the number of considered stochastic mortality models and their rigorous evaluation using multivariate Diebold-Marino test and by range of graphical analysis for multiple countries. Results Study findings reveal that stochastic smoothed mortality models based on functional data analysis generally outperform on quadratic structure of BC mortality rates than the other lee-carter models, both in term of goodness of fit and on forecast accuracy. Besides, smoothed lee carter (SLC) model outperform the functional demographic model (FDM) in case of symmetric structure of BC mortality rates, and provides almost comparable results to FDM in within and outside data forecast accuracy for heterogeneous set of BC mortality rates. Conclusion Considering the SLC model in comparison to the other can be obliging to forecast BC mortality and life expectancy at birth, since it provides even better results in some cases. In the current situation, we can assume that there is no single model, which can truly outperform all the others on every population. Therefore, we also suggest generating BC mortality forecasts using multiple models rather than relying upon any single model.

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