Environmental-friendly mortar produced with treated and untreated coal wastes as cement replacement materials

Abstract This study aims to examine the influence of untreated coal waste (UCW) and treated coal waste (TCW) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the environmental, mechanical, durability, and microstructural characteristics of mortar mixes. UCW preparation procedure consists of sequential steps of crushing and grinding. Afterward, UCW is thermally activated through incinerating at 750°C to be promoted to TCW. Experimental work includes mixing mortar mixtures by partially replacing cement with the coal waste binders (UCW and TCW) at different incorporation levels of 4, 8, 12, and 16% of cement weight. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test was applied to investigate the environmental impacts of coal wastes. TCLP test results pointed out that heavy metals including Manganese, Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium could successfully entrap in the cement matrix. The compressive and flexural strengths as mechanical characteristics of mortar mixtures were determined at 3, 7, 28, 90, and 180 curing days. Moreover, the mortar specimens were immersed in 3% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 60 and 150 days. Durability results showed that the H2SO4 attack resistance of binary cement mortars containing 4% coal waste binders was better than the plain mortar. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, ettringite was found as the main hydration product of binary cement after 28 days; however, the existence of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the cement matrix of mixes after 90 days explains the more compact microstructure attained by using coal waste as cement replacement materials compared to control mixtures.

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Properties of natural pozzolan and its potential utilization in environmental friendly concrete

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l10-112 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

M.I. Khan ◽

A.M. Alhozaimy

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Plain Concrete ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Strength Development ◽

Natural Pozzolan ◽

Chloride Permeability ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Pozzolanic Material ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Partial Cement Replacement

In Saudi Arabia, locally available natural pozzolanic material has the potential for use in environmental friendly concrete as a partial cement replacement. Local natural pozzolan was incorporated in concrete as a partial cement replacement to study the effect of replacement level, natural pozzolan fineness and its source. Chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan, properties of fresh concrete, compressive strength development, chloride permeability, and porosity of concrete incorporating local natural pozzolanic material as a partial cement replacement is presented. The influence of curing on the properties of concrete containing natural pozzolan and the X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. It was observed that regardless of its different sources, chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan are similar and conforms to the requirements of ASTM C 618, Class N. Concrete containing up to 15% natural pozzolan matches with the mix containing 20% fly ash, which is very close to the plain concrete. Higher dosages of this natural pozzolan can be utilized for economical and environmental benefits. This research is the first of its kind that addresses the investigation on Saudi natural pozzolanic material.

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High volume cement replacement by environmental friendly industrial by-product palm oil clinker powder in cement – lime masonry mortar

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 272-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ramappa Ramesh Nayaka ◽

U. Johnson Alengaram ◽

Mohd Zamin Jumaat ◽

Sumiani Binti Yusoff ◽

Mohammed Fouad Alnahhal

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

High Volume ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Masonry Mortar

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A simple Environmental-Friendly Method for Disposing Toxic Chemical Wastes

10.23939/cte2019.01.383 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Olha Linievych ◽

Elie Saade

Keyword(s):

Toxic Chemical ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Chemical Wastes

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Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

International Journal of Science and Engineering Invention ◽

10.23958/ijsei/vol04-i12/116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

Author(s):

W. C. Solomon ◽

M. T. Lilly ◽

J. I. Sodiki

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Resin ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Filler Material ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Brake Pad ◽

Brake Pads ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Sieve Size ◽

Groundnut Shell ◽

The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

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Effect of ground granulated blast funrnace slag and fly ash on strength, permeability, and under-water abrasion of fine-grained concrete

Transport and Communication Science Journal ◽

10.25073/tcsj.71.7.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 775-788

Author(s):

Quyet Truong Van ◽

Sang Nguyen Thanh

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Chloride Permeability ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Economic Ground

The utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widespread in the concrete industry because of the performance benefits and economic. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) have been used as the SCMs in concrete for reducing the weight of cement and improving durability properties. In this study, GGBFS at different cement replacement ratios of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by weight were used in fine-grained concrete. The ternary binders containing GGBFS and FA at cement replacement ratio of 60% by weight have also evaluated. Flexural and compressive strength test, rapid chloride permeability test and under-water abrasion test were performed. Experimental results show that the increase in concrete strength with GGBFS contents from 20% to 40% but at a higher period of maturity (56 days and more). The chloride permeability the under-water abrasion reduced with the increasing cement replacement by GGBFS or a combination of GGBFS and FA

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