Glomerular basement membrane injuries in IgA nephropathy evaluated by double immunostaining for α5(IV) and α2(IV) chains of type IV collagen and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukinari Masuda ◽  
Nobuaki Yamanaka ◽  
Arimi Ishikawa ◽  
Mitue Kataoka ◽  
Takashi Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Double Immunostaining ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Scanning Electron

A Case of IgA Nephropathy with Split Reduction of α5(V) Chain of Type IV Collagen in Glomerular Basement Membrane

Nephron ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Horita ◽  
Kosaku Nitta ◽  
Kazuho Honda ◽  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Keiko Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Type Iv

scholarly journals The use of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: are current pathological techniques missing important abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane?

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Justin Davis ◽  
Alwie Tjipto ◽  
Katharine Hegerty ◽  
Andrew Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Two Samples

Background: There is an increasing appreciation that variants of the COL4A genes may be associated with the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). On electron microscopy, such variants may produce characteristic changes within the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). These changes may be missed if glomerular lesions histologically diagnosed as FSGS on light microscopy are not subjected to electron microscopy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients presenting to two hospitals who received a primary histological diagnosis of FSGS to see if these samples underwent subsequent electron microscopy. Each such sample was also scrutinised for the presence of characteristic changes of an underlying type IV collagen disorder Results: A total of 43 patients were identified. Of these, only 30 underwent electron microscopy. In two samples there were histological changes detected that might have suggested the underlying presence of a type IV collagen disorder. Around one in three biopsy samples that had a histological diagnosis of FSGS were not subjected to electron microscopy. Conclusion: Renal biopsy samples that have a histological diagnosis of primary FSGS not subjected to subsequent electron microscopy may potentially miss ultrastructural changes in the GBM that could signify an underlying type IV collagen disorder as the patient’s underlying disease process. This could potentially affect both them and their families’ investigative and management decisions given potential for implications for transplant, heritability and different disease pathogenesis. This represents a gap in care which should be reflected upon and rectified via iterative standard care and unit-level quality assurance initiatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ultrastructural alterations of glomerular basement membrane and podocytes in glomeruli by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Dedong Kang ◽  
Akiko Mii ◽  
Yoko Endo ◽  
Masako Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Renal Pathology ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Background Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) is applied to diagnostic renal pathology. Methods To demonstrate the usefulness of LV-SEM and to clarify the optimal conditions of pathology samples, we investigated the alterations of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and podocytes in control and experimental active Heymann nephritis (AHN) rats by LV-SEM. Results On week 15 following induction of AHN, spike formation on GBM with diffuse deposition of IgG and C3 developed. Using LV-SEM, diffuse crater-like protrusions were clearly noted three-dimensionally (3D) on surface of GBM in the same specimens of light microscopy (LM) and immunofluorescence (IF) studies only after removal coverslips or further adding periodic acid-silver methenamine (PAM) staining. These 3D ultrastructural findings of GBM surface could be detected in PAM-stained specimens by LV-SEM, although true GBM surface findings could not be obtained in acellular glomeruli, because some subepithelial deposits remained on surface of GBM. Adequate thickness was 1.5–5 μm for 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 5–10 μm for the unfixed frozen sections. The foot processes and their effacement of podocytes could be observed by LV-SEM using 10%FFPE specimens with platinum blue (Pt-blue) staining or double staining of PAM and Pt-blue. These findings were obtained more large areas in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (2.5%GFPE) specimens. Conclusion Our findings suggest that LV-SEM is a useful assessment tool for evaluating the alterations of GBM and podocytes in renal pathology using routine LM and IF specimens, as well as 2.5%GFPE specimens.

Alport Syndrome and Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane Nephropathy: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Alport Syndrome ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Pathologic Features

Abstract Context.—Alport syndrome and thin glomerular basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) are genetically heterogenous conditions characterized by structural abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane and an initial presentation that usually involves hematuria. Approximately 40% of patients with TBMN are heterozygous carriers for autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, with mutations at the genetic locus encoding type IV collagen α3 [α3(IV)] and α4 chains. However, although the clinical course of TBMN is usually benign, Alport syndrome, particularly the X-linked form with mutations in the locus encoding the α5 chain of type IV collagen [α5(IV)], typically results in end-stage renal disease. Electron microscopy is essential to diagnosis of TBMN and Alport syndrome on renal biopsy, although electron microscopy alone is of limited value in distinguishing between TBMN, the heterozygous carrier state of X-linked Alport syndrome, autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, and even early stages of X-linked Alport syndrome. Objectives.—To review diagnostic pathologic features of each of the above conditions, emphasizing the need for immunohistology for α3(IV) and α5(IV) in addition to electron microscopy to resolve this differential diagnosis on a renal biopsy. The diagnostic value of immunofluorescence studies for α5(IV) on a skin biopsy in family members of patients with Alport syndrome also is reviewed. Data Sources.—Original and comprehensive review articles on the diagnosis of Alport syndrome and TBMN from the past 35 years, primarily the past 2 decades, and experience in our own renal pathology laboratory. Conclusions.—Although Alport syndrome variants and TBMN do not show characteristic light microscopic findings and can be difficult to differentiate from each other even by electron microscopy, using a combination of electron microscopy and immunohistology for α3(IV) and α5(IV) enables pathologists to definitively diagnose these disorders on renal biopsy in most cases.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Human Jejunum in Whipple's Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
C. N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Brush Borders ◽  
Scanning Electron

That the etiology of Whipple's disease could be bacterial was first suggested from electron micrographs in 1960. Evidence for binary fission of the bacteria, their phagocytosis by histiocytes in the lamina propria, their occurrence between and within the cells of the epithelium and on the brush border of the lumen were reported later. Scanning electron microscopy has been applied by us in an attempt to confirm the earlier observations by the new technique and to describe the bacterium further. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been used concurrently to study the same biopsy specimens, and transmission observations have been used to confirm those made by scanning.The locations of the brush borders, the columnar epithelial cells, the basement membrane and the lamina propria beneath it were each easily identified by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria was completely filled with the wiener-shaped bacteria, Fig. 1.

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