scholarly journals Adjusted productivity costs of stroke by human capital and friction cost methods: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Rissanen ◽  
Leena Ala-Mursula ◽  
Iiro Nerg ◽  
Marko Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Friction Cost

Abstract Background Productivity costs result from loss of paid and unpaid work and replacements due to morbidity and mortality. They are usually assessed in health economic evaluations with human capital method (HCM) or friction cost method (FCM). The methodology for estimating lost productivity is an area of considerable debate. Objective To compare traditional and adjusted HCM and FCM productivity cost estimates among young stroke patients. Methods The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was followed until the age of 50 to identify all 339 stroke patients whose productivity costs were estimated with traditional, occupation-specific and adjusted HCM and FCM models by using detailed, national register-based data on care, disability, mortality, education, taxation and labour market. Results Compared to traditional HCM, taking into account occupational class, national unemployment rate, disability-free life expectancy and decline in work ability, the productivity cost estimate decreased by a third, from €255,960 to €166,050. When traditional FCM was adjusted for occupational class and national unemployment rate, the estimate more than doubled from €3,040 to €7,020. HCM was more sensitive to adjustments for discount rate and wage growth rate than FCM. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of adjustments of HCM and FCM. Routine register-based data can be used for accurate productivity cost estimates of health shocks.

scholarly journals The Valuation of Productivity Costs Due to Premature Mortality: A Comparison of the Human-Capital and Friction-Cost Methods for Schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Goeree ◽  
Bernie J O'Brien ◽  
Gordon Blackhouse ◽  
Karen Agro ◽  
Paula Goering
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Friction Cost

Productivity, cost, efficacy and cost effectiveness of motor-manual, mechanical, and herbicide release of boreal spruce plantations

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Kevin R. Ride ◽  
Michel L. St-Amour ◽  
Mark Ryans
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Reforestation Program ◽  
One Year

Although the release of spruce plantations with herbicides is an important part of Ontario's reforestation program, the people of Ontario do not support the use of any pesticides in the forest environment. Of the available alternatives, those most feasible for conifer release in northern Ontario appear to be cutting with brush saws and using mechanized cleaning machines. In this study, a component of the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, we quantified the relative productivity, costs, treatment efficacy and cost effectiveness of: 1) motor-manual cutting (brush saws), 2) mechanical brush cutting (Silvana Selective/Ford Versatile), 3) helicopter application of Release® (a.i. triclopyr) herbicide, and 4) helicopter application of Vision® (a.i. glyphosate herbicide and compared these to control (untreated) plots. Productivity (productive machine hours ha−1) was lowest for brush saws, followed by Silvana Selective and highest for helicopter operations. Treatment and super-vision costs ($ ha−1) were highest for Silvana Selective, followed by brush saw, Release®, and lowest for Vision®. One year post-treatment, vegetation indices (percent cover × mean height) for non-conifer woody plants decreased in the Vision®, Silvana Selective, Release®, and brush saw treatments respectively and increased on control plots. Vegetation indices for herbaceous plants were lowest for Vision®, followed by brush saw, Silvana Selective, control and highest for Release® plots. The average cost effectiveness ratio was lowest for Vision®, followed by Release®, Silvana Selective, and highest for brush saws. As empirical data from the project becomes available, longer-term economic evaluations will be made. Key words: clearing saws, cleaning, conifer release, cost effectiveness, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, herbicides, machine evaluation, productivity, Release®, Silvana Selective, triclopyr, forest vegetation management, Vision®

The Impact of Hypoglycemia on Productivity Loss and Utility in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Insulin in Real-World Canadian Practice: Protocol for a Prospective Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Lambert-Obry ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lafrance ◽  
Michelle Savoie ◽  
Jean Lachaine
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) imposes a significant burden, with its increasing prevalence and life-threatening complications. In patients not achieving glycemic targets on oral antidiabetic drugs, initiation of insulin is recommended. However, a serious concern about insulin is drug-induced hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is known to affect quality of life and healthcare resource utilization. However, health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) data for economic modeling are limited, particularly in terms of utility values and productivity losses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this real-world prospective study is to assess the impact of hypoglycemia on productivity and utility in insulin-treated T2DM adults from Ontario and Quebec (Canada). METHODS This noninterventional, multicenter, 3-month prospective study will recruit patients from four medical clinics and two endocrinology/diabetes clinics. Patients will be identified using appointment lists, and enrolled through consecutive sampling during routinely scheduled consultations. To be eligible, patients must be ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with T2DM, and treated with insulin. Utility and productivity will be collected using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ), respectively. Questionnaires will be completed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after recruitment. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models will be used to investigate productivity losses and utility decrements associated with incident hypoglycemic events while controlling for individual patient characteristics. A total of 500 patients will be enrolled to ensure precision of HEOR estimates. RESULTS This study is designed to fill a gap in the Canadian evidence on the impact of hypoglycemia on HEOR outcomes. More specifically, it will generate productivity and utility inputs for economic modeling in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Insulin therapies are expensive, and hypoglycemia is a significant component of economic evaluations. Robust HEOR data may help health technology assessment (HTA) agencies in future reimbursement decision making.

EXPLORING TWO COST-ADJUSTMENT METHODS FOR SELECTION BIAS IN A SMALL SAMPLE: USING A FETAL CARDIOLOGY DATASET

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Propensity Scoring ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Differences ◽  
Direct Referral

Objectives: In economic evaluations of healthcare technologies, situations arise where data are not randomized and numbers are small. For this reason, obtaining reliable cost estimates of such interventions may be difficult. This study explores two approaches in obtaining cost estimates for pregnant women screened for a fetal cardiac anomaly.Methods: Two methods to reduce selection bias in health care: regression analyses and propensity scoring methods were applied to the total mean costs of pregnancy for women who received specialist cardiac advice by means of two referral modes: telemedicine and direct referral.Results: The observed total mean costs of pregnancy were higher for the telemedicine group than the direct referral group (4,918 versus 4,311 GBP). The regression model found that referral mode was not a significant predictor of costs and the cost difference between the two groups was reduced from 607 to 94 GBP. After applying the various propensity score methods, the groups were balanced in terms of sizes and compositions; and again the cost differences between the two groups were smaller ranging from -62 (matching “by hand”) to 333 GBP (kernel matching).Conclusions: Regression analyses and propensity scoring methods applied to the dataset may have increased the homogeneity and reduced the variance in the adjusted costs; that is, these methods have allowed the observed selection bias to be reduced. I believe that propensity scoring methods worked better for this dataset, because after matching the two groups were similar in terms of background characteristics and the adjusted cost differences were smaller.

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