Geographical distribution and genetic diversity of Gymnogobius sp. “Chokai-endemic species” (Perciformes: Gobiidae)

For the purpose of the present study we considered as Italian endemics those specific and subspecific taxa occurring in Italy that are not found elsewhere with the exception of Corsica (France) and Malta. This study presents an updated list of the endemic taxa in the Italian flora, including their geographical distribution at regional level. Italy is characterized by 1371 endemic species and subspecies (18.9% of the total vascular flora): three taxa belong to Lycopodiidae, one to Polypodiidae, two to Pinidae and 1365 to Magnoliidae (three paleoherbs, 221 monocots and 1144 eudicots). The endemic flora belongs to 29 orders, 67 families and 304 genera. Sicily, Sardinia, Calabria and Abruzzo are the four regions richest in endemics. About 58% of endemics are confined to a single administrative region. The most represented orders, families and genera are: Asterales, Caryophyllales and Asparagales, Asteraceae, Plumbaginaceae and Caryophyllaceae, Limonium, Centaurea and Hieracium, respectively. The phytogeographic isolation of Sardinia and Sicily and the separation of peninsular Italy from Northern Italy is confirmed. The relative isolation of Puglia with respect the remaining southern Italian pensinsular regions is also confirmed. Alpine region endemics (from northern Italy) are underrepresented.

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Primer Binding Site (PBS) Profiling of Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Endemic Species Allium ledebourianum Schult.

BioTech ◽

10.3390/biotech10040023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Oxana Khapilina ◽

Ainur Turzhanova ◽

Alevtina Danilova ◽

Asem Tumenbayeva ◽

Vladislav Shevtsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Dna Profiling ◽

Primer Binding Site ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Habitat Specificity ◽

Interspersed Repeats

Endemic species are especially vulnerable to biodiversity loss caused by isolation or habitat specificity, small population size, and anthropogenic factors. Endemic species biodiversity analysis has a critically important global value for the development of conservation strategies. The rare onion Allium ledebourianum is a narrow-lined endemic species, with natural populations located in the extreme climatic conditions of the Kazakh Altai. A. ledebourianum populations are decreasing everywhere due to anthropogenic impact, and therefore, this species requires preservation and protection. Conservation of this rare species is associated with monitoring studies to investigate the genetic diversity of natural populations. Fundamental components of eukaryote genome include multiple classes of interspersed repeats. Various PCR-based DNA fingerprinting methods are used to detect chromosomal changes related to recombination processes of these interspersed elements. These methods are based on interspersed repeat sequences and are an effective approach for assessing the biological diversity of plants and their variability. We applied DNA profiling approaches based on conservative sequences of interspersed repeats to assess the genetic diversity of natural A. ledebourianum populations located in the territory of Kazakhstan Altai. The analysis of natural A. ledebourianum populations, carried out using the DNA profiling approach, allowed the effective differentiation of the populations and assessment of their genetic diversity. We used conservative sequences of tRNA primer binding sites (PBS) of the long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons as PCR primers. Amplification using the three most effective PBS primers generated 628 PCR amplicons, with an average of 209 amplicons. The average polymorphism level varied from 34% to 40% for all studied samples. Resolution analysis of the PBS primers showed all of them to have high or medium polymorphism levels, which varied from 0.763 to 0.965. Results of the molecular analysis of variance showed that the general biodiversity of A. ledebourianum populations is due to interpopulation (67%) and intrapopulation (33%) differences. The revealed genetic diversity was higher in the most distant population of A. ledebourianum LD64, located on the Sarymsakty ridge of Southern Altai. This is the first genetic diversity study of the endemic species A. ledebourianum using DNA profiling approaches. This work allowed us to collect new genetic data on the structure of A. ledebourianum populations in the Altai for subsequent development of preservation strategies to enhance the reproduction of this relict species. The results will be useful for the conservation and exploitation of this species, serving as the basis for further studies of its evolution and ecology.

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Comparative Population Genetics of Two Korean Aedes Mosquito Species with Vector Potential based on Mitochondrial DNA

10.21203/rs.3.rs-261518/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyeong Shin ◽

Jongwoo Jung

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Vector Control ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Korean Peninsula ◽

Mismatch Distribution ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background: Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are important invasive species contributing to the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and other dangerous vector-borne diseases. Aedes albopictus is native to southeast Asia with rapid expansion due to human activity, showing a wide distribution in the Korean peninsula. Aedes flavopictus is considered to be native to East Asia with a broad distribution in the region, including in the Korean peninsula. Gaining a better understanding of the genetic diversity of these species is critical for establishing strategies for disease prevention and vector control. Methods: We obtained DNA from 148 specimens of Ae. albopictus and 166 specimens of Ae. flavopictus in Korea, and amplified two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND5) to compare the genetic diversity and structure of the two species.Results: We obtained a 658-bp sequence of COI and a 423-bp sequence of ND5 from the two mosquito species. We found low diversity and an insignificant population genetic structure in Ae. albopictus, and high diversity and an insignificant structure in Ae. flavopictus for these two mitochondrial genes. Ae. albopictus had less haplotypes with respect to the number of individuals, and a slight mismatch distribution was confirmed. By contrast, Ae. flavopictus had a large number of haplotypes compared with the number of individuals, and a large unimodal-type mismatch distribution was confirmed. Although the genetic structure of both species was insignificant, Ae. flavopictus exhibited higher genetic diversity than Ae. albopictus.Conclusions: Ae. albopictus appears to be an introduced species, whereas Ae. flavopictus is an endemic species to the Korean peninsula, and the difference in genetic diversity between the two species is related to their adaptability and introduction history. As an endemic species, Ae. flavopictus is likely to have a larger population size than expected. Further studies on the genetic structure and diversity of these two mosquito species will provide useful data for vector control.

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Incidence, geographical distribution and genetic diversity of sugarcane striate virus in Saccharum species in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-20-2307-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yinfu Lin ◽

Niyaz Ali ◽

M. R. Hajimorad ◽

Lijuan Zhang ◽

Xiaohang Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Full Length ◽

Leaf Sample ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Saccharum Spp ◽

Saccharum Species ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Virus Incidence

A novel virus of the genus Mastrevirus, family Geminivirdae, was recently reported in sugarcane germplasm collections in Florida, Guadeloupe and Réunion, and was named sugarcane striate virus (SStrV). Although the full-length sequence of a SStrV isolate from China was obtained in 2015, the incidence, geographical distribution, and genetic diversity of this virus remained unclear. A single leaf sample from 2,368 sugarcane plants from main sugarcane producing regions of China and germplasm collections were tested for SStrV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Average virus incidence was 25.1% for field collected samples and SStrV was detected in most Saccharum species and two sugarcane-related species with the highest incidence in S. officinarum (44.1%) followed by Saccharum spp. local varieties (33.3%) grown for chewing cane for a long time. The virus incidence was much lower (6.8%) in modern commercial cultivars (Saccharum spp. hybrids). Phylogenetic trees based on full-length genomes of 157 SStrV isolates revealed that Chinese isolates comprised strains A and B, but not C and D that were reported in Florida, USA. SStrV strain A was the most prominent (98.7%) and widespread strain in China and was further divided into eight sub-groups. Almost half (45.6%) of the SStrV-positive samples from S. officinarum and Saccharum spp. local varieties were co-infected with sugarcane mosaic disease viruses or sugarcane yellow leaf virus. Interestingly, most of the plants infected by strain A of SStrV were asymptomatic. SStrV appears to be widespread in China, and its influence on chewing cane deserves further investigation.

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RAPD-based evaluation of genetic diversity among populations of the Iranian endemic species Rhabdosciadium aucheri Boiss. (Apiaceae)

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-020-06028-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 9345-9352

Author(s):

Fatemeh Kazemeini ◽

Younes Asri ◽

Golaleh Mostafavi ◽

Ramezan Kalvandi ◽

Iraj Mehregan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Endemic Species

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Trypanosoma cruzi Ikiakarora (TcIII) Draft Genome Sequence

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00453-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (27) ◽

Author(s):

Inmaculada Gómez ◽

Alberto Rastrojo ◽

Fabián Lorenzo-Díaz ◽

Francisco José Sánchez-Luque ◽

Francisco Macías ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Sylvatic Cycle ◽

Content Type ◽

Discrete Typing Unit

ABSTRACT Trypanosoma cruzi shows a genetic diversity that has been associated with the variability of clinical manifestations, geographical distribution, and preferential parasite-vector interactions. In an effort to better understand this genetic variability, here, the draft genome of T. cruzi strain Ikiakarora (discrete typing unit TcIII), which has been associated with the sylvatic cycle, is reported.

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Preface

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1965.0012 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 249 (759) ◽

pp. 258-258

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Ecological Stability ◽

Ecological Balance ◽

Tristan Da Cunha ◽

Ecological Evolution ◽

Gough Island ◽

Island Group

The four islands of the Tristan da Cunha-Gough Island group are very isolated. They contain a unique fauna and flora. Knowledge of these is very incomplete in important respects. Such knowledge could not only help towards understanding the origins of the geographical distribution of plants and animals, it could also throw valuable light on the factors governing colonization of isolated regions. But it is not only the unique biota which is of scientific interest in these islands. We have here a natural ecological balance between the endemic species of an impoverished and therefore simple fauna and flora. Such islands could thus allow us to study with comparative ease the factors which control ecological stability; a study of the great importance to mankind today. Moreover, fortunately there have now been found in these islands evidence of datable remains of the geologically recent biota, so that there is a reasonable chance that we shall one day be able to trace the ecological evolution in time.

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Geographical and Genetic Divergence Among Papaya ringspot virus Populations Within Hainan Province, China

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-05-15-0111-r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (8) ◽

pp. 937-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hui Zhao ◽

Rui Zong Jia ◽

Yu-Liang Zhang ◽

Yun Judy Zhu ◽

Hui-Cai Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Hainan Island ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Hainan Province ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Frequent Mutations ◽

Specific Virus

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) severely affects the global papaya industry. Transgenic papaya has been proven to have effective resistance to PRSV isolates from Hawaii, Thailand, Taiwan, and other countries. However, those transgenic cultivars failed to show resistance to Hainan Island isolates. Some 76 PRSV samples, representative of all traditional papaya planting areas across five cities (Wen Chang, n = 13; Cheng Mai, n = 14; Chang Jiang, n = 11; Le Dong, n = 25; and San Ya, n = 13) within Hainan Province, were investigated. Results revealed three genetic diversity groups (Hainan I, II, and III) that correlated with geographical distribution. Frequent mutations among PRSV isolates from Hainan were also observed. The high genetic divergence in PRSV isolates from Hainan is likely to be the cause of the failure of genetically modified papaya that targets sequence-specific virus.

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