scholarly journals Managing forest genetic resources as a strategy to adapt forests to climate change: perceptions of European forest owners and managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vinceti ◽  
Mattia Manica ◽  
Nina Lauridsen ◽  
Pieter Johannes Verkerk ◽  
Marcus Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Non Local ◽  
European Forest

Abstract Managing genetic diversity is of key importance in fostering resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change. We carried out a survey reaching over 200 forest owners and managers from 15 European countries to understand their perceptions of the main threats to forest ecosystems, their knowledge of forest genetic resources (FGR) and their attitude toward actively managing these resources to strengthen the resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change. Respondents perceived pests and diseases to be the top-ranking threats to forests, followed by windstorms and drought, with differences across countries. They stated to be aware of the potential offered by managing FGR and indicated that they paid attention to origin and quality in their choice of planting material. Generally, respondents showed a positive attitude in using forest reproductive material foreign to the planting site, to better match the projected future climate conditions, introducing either a new native tree species or a new non-local genotype of a species already planted (keeping the same species but changing the source of planting material). However, forest reproductive material from local sources was largely preferred over non-local material (both genetically improved and not improved). Forest managers and owners may need to be exposed to more evidence of the potential benefits deriving from active adaptation and mitigation management of FGR before implementing adaptive measures. Also, more efforts should be invested in understanding perceptions and motivations of European forest owners and managers, in order to better tailor advice on optimal measures to counteract the detrimental effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Voľba lesného reprodukčného materiálu v podmienkach klimatickej zmeny / Choice of forest reproductive material under conditions of climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Gömöry ◽  
Roman Longauer ◽  
Diana Krajmerová
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material

AbstractClimate change may endanger not only yield and fulfilling the social functions of European forests, but even the survival of several tree species. The study emphasises the complexity of climatic factors and physiological mechanisms, which may potentially endanger the persistence of tree populations and which cannot be reduced to problems of drought and temperature increase. A substantial inter-population variation in traits associated with the response to climatic stress, observed in provenance experiments, is a prerequisite for the choice of proper forest reproductive material (FRM) in reforestation as a strategy of climate-change mitigation. Assisted migration, i.e., transfer of FRM from source regions, currently characterised by such climate characteristics, which are expected in the target regions in the future, requires knowledge of key stress factors (depending on the climate scenario), physiological processes associated with the adaptation to this stress, identification of genes and eventually epigenetic mechanisms, controlling adaptation processes, and finally mapping of genetic and/or epigenetic variation in key genes. For most tree species, such information is not yet available. Therefore, assisted migration under such information uncertainty needs to be complemented by in situ gene conservation measures to preserve the possibility of reversing the effects of eventual erroneous decisions on FRM transfer.

scholarly journals Priorities for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Genetic Resources in Four Mexican Pines

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Andrés Flores ◽  
Javier López-Upton ◽  
Cristobal D. Rullán-Silva ◽  
Adriana E. Olthoff ◽  
Ricardo Alía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
Combined Strategy

The strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources, which are essential for the future adaptation of forest species to changing environments, are also a source of valuable genetic resources for breeding and restoration activities. The first step to define and implement cost-effective strategies is to identify specific priority populations. Mexico, in spite of being characterized by high levels of tree species diversity, mostly lacks a combined strategy for the genetic conservation and use of forest genetic resources. The aims of this work are: (i) to identify areas for gene conservation, and (ii) to propose measures for the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources of four pine species: Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl., Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl., Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. and Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. To do that, we use the existing information on the distribution, genetic variation and conservation and breeding efforts in Mexico. Overall, 51 areas for establishing genetic conservation units were prioritized and 6 genetic zones for the use of forest genetic resources in breeding and selection of forest reproductive material were identified. The current conservation efforts for the four priority Mexican pines should be improved to satisfy the needs of a national breeding and conservation network.

scholarly journals Reforestation in Slovakia: History, current practice and perspectives

REFORESTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Repáč ◽  
Zuzana Parobeková ◽  
Matúš Sendecký
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Small Forest

The history of reforestation in Slovakia is long and rich; from reforestation by seeding, through the small forest nurseries, reforestation of extreme degraded and high-mountain sites to the current The Act on forest reproductive material, nursery centers and reforestation of large windthrow areas. After brief introduction of the history, rather large part of this review is dedicated to the current nursery and especially reforestation practices – planning, pre-planting site preparation, seeding and planting techniques, post-planting care, monitoring of planting performance. Recent nursery and planting research activities are given very shortly. Perspective nursery (e.g. improvement of seedlings’ quality by inoculation with beneficial microorganisms, vegetative propagation) and reforestation treatments and practices (e.g. the use of larger amount of container-grown seedlings, application of hydrogels and ectomycorrhizal fungi, progressive seeding technique, underplanting) are relatively in detail but of course not comprehensively discussed finally. Despite of the lack of a complex reforestation strategy and current and possibly future financial sources and personnel limitations, the introduced perspective practices should contribute to successful solution of reforestation challenges following from endangering the forests by climate change.

Conservation of noble hardwoods in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gösta Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Associated Species

This paper is a summary of the work carried out within the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme network on gene conservation of noble hardwoods. The species classified as noble hardwoods are all of minor economic importance in European forestry owing to their low proportion in forests. For commonly occurring species the in situ multiple population breeding system (MPBS) is suggested. Some of the noble hardwoods occur together and whenever possible, their combined gene conservation is suggested. If possible, some of the subpopulations will be extended to 200–300 ha to match the objective of gene conservation of associated species. For rarely occurring species, grafting of trees and establishment of plantations of grafts in seed orchards or clonal archives are suggested to increase the effective population size. The progenies from such an orchard or archive are planted in forests. For Castanea sativa Mill., which is a multipurpose species, separate gene conservation of fruit cultivars and populations in nature is suggested. The severe threat from Dutch elm disease makes it necessary to establish hedges of Ulmus species to avoid infection of the disease via Scolytus insects. Whenever possible, MPBS in situ gene conservation of Ulmus glabra Huds. and Ulmus laevis Pall. should be carried out.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Ledig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Ecological Services ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
New Models ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources

Abstract - Conserving forest genetic resources and, indeed, preventing species extinctions will be complicated by the expected changes in climate projected for the next century and beyond. This paper uses case examples from rare spruces (Picea sp.) from North America to discuss the interplay of conservation, genetics, and climate change. New models show how climate change will affect these spruces, making it necessary to relocate them if they are to survive, a tool known as assisted migration or, preferably, assisted colonization. The paper concludes with some speculation on the broader implications of climate change, and the relevance of conservation to preserving the necessary ecological services provided by forests.

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