scholarly journals Voľba lesného reprodukčného materiálu v podmienkach klimatickej zmeny / Choice of forest reproductive material under conditions of climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Gömöry ◽  
Roman Longauer ◽  
Diana Krajmerová
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material

AbstractClimate change may endanger not only yield and fulfilling the social functions of European forests, but even the survival of several tree species. The study emphasises the complexity of climatic factors and physiological mechanisms, which may potentially endanger the persistence of tree populations and which cannot be reduced to problems of drought and temperature increase. A substantial inter-population variation in traits associated with the response to climatic stress, observed in provenance experiments, is a prerequisite for the choice of proper forest reproductive material (FRM) in reforestation as a strategy of climate-change mitigation. Assisted migration, i.e., transfer of FRM from source regions, currently characterised by such climate characteristics, which are expected in the target regions in the future, requires knowledge of key stress factors (depending on the climate scenario), physiological processes associated with the adaptation to this stress, identification of genes and eventually epigenetic mechanisms, controlling adaptation processes, and finally mapping of genetic and/or epigenetic variation in key genes. For most tree species, such information is not yet available. Therefore, assisted migration under such information uncertainty needs to be complemented by in situ gene conservation measures to preserve the possibility of reversing the effects of eventual erroneous decisions on FRM transfer.

scholarly journals Positive biodiversity–productivity relationships in forests: climate matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 20170747 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jactel ◽  
E. S. Gritti ◽  
L. Drössler ◽  
D. I. Forrester ◽  
W. L. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mixed Species

While it is widely acknowledged that forest biodiversity contributes to climate change mitigation through improved carbon sequestration, conversely how climate affects tree species diversity–forest productivity relationships is still poorly understood. We combined the results of long-term experiments where forest mixtures and corresponding monocultures were compared on the same site to estimate the yield of mixed-species stands at a global scale, and its response to climatic factors. We found positive mixture effects on productivity using a meta-analysis of 126 case studies established at 60 sites spread across five continents. Overall, the productivity of mixed-species forests was 15% greater than the average of their component monocultures, and not statistically lower than the productivity of the best component monoculture. Productivity gains in mixed-species stands were not affected by tree age or stand species composition but significantly increased with local precipitation. The results should guide better use of tree species combinations in managed forests and suggest that increased drought severity under climate change might reduce the atmospheric carbon sequestration capacity of natural forests.

scholarly journals Closely-related tree species with overlapping ranges exhibit divergent adaptation to climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Whale ◽  
Collin W Ahrens ◽  
David T Tissue ◽  
Paul D Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Restoration Strategies

With global climate change shifting and altering temperature and precipitation regimes, the ability of natural forest stands to persist in their local environments are being challenged. For many taxa, particularly among long lived tree species, the potential to respond is underpinned by genetic and trait diversity and may be limited. We sampled 326 and 366 individuals of two widely distributed and closely-related red gum Eucalyptus species (E. blakelyi and E. tereticornis) from across their entire Australian range. We identified putatively adaptive variants associated within genes of key biological processes for both species. We mapped the change of allele frequencies of two hierarchical gene ontology groups shared by both species across geography and climate and predict genomically vulnerable regions under a projected 2070 climate scenario. Regions of potential vulnerability to decline under future climate differed between species and may be applied to guide conservation and restoration strategies. Our study indicated that some populations may contain the adaptive genomic variation necessary for these species to persist through climate change, while others may benefit from the adaptive variation of those populations to enhance resilience.

scholarly journals Assisted Migration Field Tests in Canada and Mexico: Lessons, Limitations, and Challenges

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero ◽  
Greg O'Neill ◽  
Sally N. Aitken ◽  
Roberto Lindig-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abies Religiosa

Assisted migration of forest tree populations through reforestation and restoration is a climate change adaptation strategy under consideration in many jurisdictions. Matching climates in which seed sources evolved with near future climates projected for plantation sites should help reduce maladaptation and increase plantation health and productivity. For threatened tree species, assisted migration outside of the species range could help avert extinction. Here, we examine lessons, limitations, and challenges of assisted migration through the lens of three assisted migration field trials of conifers in Canada and Mexico: Pinus albicaulis Engelm., an endangered subalpine tree species in the mountains of western North America; the Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelm hybrid complex, of great economic and ecological importance in western Canada, and Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., a tree species that provides overwintering sites for the monarch butterfly. We conclude that: (a) negative impacts of climate change on productivity of Picea glauca × P. engelmannii may be mitigated by planting seed sources from locations that are 3 °C mean coldest month temperature warmer than the plantation; (b) it is possible to establish Pinus albicaulis outside of its current natural distribution at sites that have climates that are within the species’ modelled historic climatic niche, although developing disease-resistant trees through selective breeding is a higher priority in the short term; (c) Abies religiosa performs well when moved 400 m upward in elevation and local shrubs (such as Baccharis conferta Kunth) are used as nurse plants; (d) new assisted migration field trials that contain populations from a wide range of climates tested in multiple disparate climates are needed, despite the costs; and (e) where naturalization of a migrated tree species in recipient ecosystem is viewed as undesirable, the invasive potential of the tree species should be assessed prior to large scale establishment, and stands should be monitored regularly following establishment.

scholarly journals Assisted Migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Handler ◽  
Carrie Pike ◽  
Brad St. Clair ◽  
Hannah Abbotts ◽  
Maria Janowiak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Distribution Shifts ◽  
East West

Evidence suggests that species have responded individually during historic periods of dramatic climate change through geographic migrations to and from unique glacial refugia [1, 2, 3]. Recent research has demonstrated that many tree species are already undergoing distribution shifts in response to climate change, with different studies highlighting species that are moving poleward and higher in elevation [4], or moving east-west to track changes in moisture availability [5].

scholarly journals Reforestation in Slovakia: History, current practice and perspectives

REFORESTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Repáč ◽  
Zuzana Parobeková ◽  
Matúš Sendecký
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Small Forest

The history of reforestation in Slovakia is long and rich; from reforestation by seeding, through the small forest nurseries, reforestation of extreme degraded and high-mountain sites to the current The Act on forest reproductive material, nursery centers and reforestation of large windthrow areas. After brief introduction of the history, rather large part of this review is dedicated to the current nursery and especially reforestation practices – planning, pre-planting site preparation, seeding and planting techniques, post-planting care, monitoring of planting performance. Recent nursery and planting research activities are given very shortly. Perspective nursery (e.g. improvement of seedlings’ quality by inoculation with beneficial microorganisms, vegetative propagation) and reforestation treatments and practices (e.g. the use of larger amount of container-grown seedlings, application of hydrogels and ectomycorrhizal fungi, progressive seeding technique, underplanting) are relatively in detail but of course not comprehensively discussed finally. Despite of the lack of a complex reforestation strategy and current and possibly future financial sources and personnel limitations, the introduced perspective practices should contribute to successful solution of reforestation challenges following from endangering the forests by climate change.

scholarly journals A Review on Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Muhidin Šeho ◽  
Sezgin Ayan ◽  
Gerhard Huber ◽  
Gülzade Kahveci
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Conservation Units

Background and Purpose: Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) has been overused because of its valuable wood. Recently, Turkish hazel has been found only in small isolated populations, and very small populations within its natural distribution area, so it has been protected under IUCN with the status "Least Concern (LC)". Therefore, the remaining Turkish hazel populations have a critical importance. Genetic conservation of this tree species plays a key role in sustainable forest development. There have been only a few studies of single populations, but an overview including all countries is still missing. The aim of this publication is to give an overview of ecological and economic importance of Turkish hazel, which is considered as a tolerant tree species to climate change, for dry and warm conditions in Central Europe. Materials and Methods: This review paper has been prepared based on the existing literature such as reports, theses, project documents and publications related to Turkish hazel. This paper applies a literature review of the concepts of: i) Distribution and threats of Turkish hazel, ii) Ecological and economic importance, iii) Regeneration, soil demand and shading tolerance, iv) Seed, seedling, plant production and planting, v) Competitiveness in forest communities, vi) Invasiveness and hybridization, and vii) Future stand mixtures. Results and Conclusions: This review paper should interest forest practitioners and scientists in all countries who work with this important and valuable tree species under climate change. At first, an inventory of all populations in each country is needed. For this purpose, research should focus on the cultivation of convenient provenances of Turkish hazel under climate change. Next, genetic differences should be determined in the laboratory using genetic markers. After the assessment of the phenotype and genotype of different provenances, it would be possible to recommend provenance for each ecological condition and assisted migration (AM). Main recommendations for each country are used for selecting and establishing gene conservation units (in-situ and ex-situ) and seed orchards that will ensure the survival of Turkish hazel, and for building the base for cultivation in the future. In addition, the results might be a basis for future provenance tests, plantations and possibilities of assisted migration attempts.

scholarly journals Managing forest genetic resources as a strategy to adapt forests to climate change: perceptions of European forest owners and managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vinceti ◽  
Mattia Manica ◽  
Nina Lauridsen ◽  
Pieter Johannes Verkerk ◽  
Marcus Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Non Local ◽  
European Forest

Abstract Managing genetic diversity is of key importance in fostering resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change. We carried out a survey reaching over 200 forest owners and managers from 15 European countries to understand their perceptions of the main threats to forest ecosystems, their knowledge of forest genetic resources (FGR) and their attitude toward actively managing these resources to strengthen the resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change. Respondents perceived pests and diseases to be the top-ranking threats to forests, followed by windstorms and drought, with differences across countries. They stated to be aware of the potential offered by managing FGR and indicated that they paid attention to origin and quality in their choice of planting material. Generally, respondents showed a positive attitude in using forest reproductive material foreign to the planting site, to better match the projected future climate conditions, introducing either a new native tree species or a new non-local genotype of a species already planted (keeping the same species but changing the source of planting material). However, forest reproductive material from local sources was largely preferred over non-local material (both genetically improved and not improved). Forest managers and owners may need to be exposed to more evidence of the potential benefits deriving from active adaptation and mitigation management of FGR before implementing adaptive measures. Also, more efforts should be invested in understanding perceptions and motivations of European forest owners and managers, in order to better tailor advice on optimal measures to counteract the detrimental effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Seed dormancy varies widely among Arabidopsis thaliana populations both between and within Fennoscandia and Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Zacchello ◽  
Svenja Bomers ◽  
Cecilia Böhme ◽  
Froukje Postma ◽  
Jon Agren
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

The timing of germination is a key life-history trait in plants, which is strongly affected by the strength of seed dormancy. Continental-wide variation in seed dormancy has been related to differences in climate and the timing of conditions suitable for seedling establishment. However, for predictions of adaptive potential and consequences of climatic change, information is needed regarding the extent to which seed dormancy varies within climatic regions and the factors driving such variation We planted 17 Italian and 28 Fennoscandian populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in the greenhouse and at two field sites in Italy and Sweden. To identify possible drivers of among-population variation in seed dormancy, we examined the relationship between seed dormancy and climate at the sites where populations were originally sampled. Seed dormancy was on average stronger in the Italian compared to the Fennoscandian populations, but also varied widely within both regions. Estimates of seed dormancy in the three maternal environments were positively correlated, but seeds had on average stronger dormancy when produced in the greenhouse than at the two field sites. Among Fennoscandian populations, seed dormancy tended to increase with increasing summer temperature and decreasing precipitation at the site of origin. In the smaller sample of Italian populations, no significant association was detected between mean seed dormancy and climate at the site of origin. The correlation between seed dormancy and climatic factors in Fennoscandia suggests that at least some of the among-population variation is adaptive and that climate change will affect selection on this trait.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of sessile oak populations in the Czech Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Jakub Dvořák ◽  
Jiří Korecký ◽  
Zuzana Faltinová ◽  
Dagmar Zádrapová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material

The sessile oak is a broadleaved tree species of great ecological and silvicultural importance. Oaks are the second most widespread deciduous tree species in the Czech Republic, and ongoing climate change negatively affects the abundant and often monocultural Norway spruce. Therefore, a proportional increase of more resilient tree species such as sessile oak has emerged. This study aimed to depict population genetic diversity when analysing 272 individuals from 10 subpopulations selected across the Czech Republic. Targeted populations were chosen based on the minimal expected human impact on the stand (presumably autochthonous stands). All individuals were genotyped using 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers (SSRs) assembled into two amplification multiplexes. The high discriminatory power of SSR markers was tested and confirmed by the probability of identity analysis. The genetic differentiation of the subpopulations was low yet significant, quantified by Wright’s F-statistics within the range from 0.012 to 0.029. Based on discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), we detected two populations with geographic genetic correlation (the 15<sup>th</sup> meridian east being a north-south boundary line) and one with a distinct genetic pattern. We assume that the population might previously be established from seed sources outside the Czech Republic. Moreover, to some extent, our findings advocate the legitimacy of the legislative rules for forest reproductive material (FRM) transfer.

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