scholarly journals Development and Multi-Scale Validation of a Finite Element Football Helmet Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Decker ◽  
Alex Baker ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Philip Brown ◽  
Joel Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Football Helmet

Abstract Head injury is a growing concern within contact sports, including American football. Computational tools such as finite element (FE) models provide an avenue for researchers to study, and potentially optimize safety tools, such as helmets. The goal of this study was to develop an accurate representative helmet model that could be used in further study of head injury to mitigate the toll of concussions in contact sports. An FE model of a Schutt Air XP Pro football helmet was developed through three major steps: geometry development, material characterization, and model validation. The fully assembled helmet model was fit onto a Hybrid III dummy head–neck model and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head model and validated through a series of 67 representative impacts similar to those experienced by a football player. The kinematic and kinetic response of the model was compared to the response of the physical experiments, which included force, head linear acceleration, head angular velocity, and carriage acceleration. The outputs between the model and the physical tests were quantitatively evaluated using CORelation and Analysis (CORA), amounting to an overall averaged score of 0.76. The model described in this study has been extensively validated and can function as a building block for innovation in player safety.

Development and Preliminary Validation of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Population-Based Impact Simulations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Hu ◽  
Zhigang Li ◽  
Jinhuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Head Responses

Head injury is the leading cause of pediatric fatality and disability in the United States (1). Although finite element (FE) method has been widely used for investigating head injury under impact, there are only a few 3D pediatric head FE models available in the literature, including a 6-month-old child head model developed by Klinich et al (2), a newborn, a 6-month-old and a 3-year-old child head model developed by Roth et al. (3, 4, 5), and a 1.5-month-old infant head model developed by Coats et al (6). Each of these models only represents a head at a single age with single head geometry. Nowadays, population-based simulations are getting more and more attention. In population-based injury simulations, impact responses for not only an individual but also a group of people can be predicted, which takes into account variations among people thus providing more realistic predictions. However, a parametric pediatric head model capable of simulating head responses for different children at different ages is currently not available. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a fast and efficient method to build pediatric head FE models with different head geometries and skull thickness distributions. The method was demonstrated by morphing a 6-month-old infant head FE model into three newborn infant head FE models and by validating three morphed head models against limited cadaveric test data.

scholarly journals Correction to: Development and Multi-Scale Validation of a Finite Element Football Helmet Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 903-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Decker ◽  
Alex M. Baker ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Philip J. Brown ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Football Helmet

scholarly journals Impact test comparisons of 20th and 21st century American football helmets

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bartsch ◽  
Edward Benzel ◽  
Vincent Miele ◽  
Vikas Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma

Object Concussion is the signature American football injury of the 21st century. Modern varsity helmets, as compared with vintage leather helmets, or “leatherheads,” are widely believed to universally improve protection by reducing head impact doses and head injury risk for the 3 million young football players in the US. The object of this study was to compare the head impact doses and injury risks with 11 widely used 21st century varsity helmets and 2 early 20th century leatherheads and to hypothesize what the results might mean for children wearing similar varsity helmets. Methods In an injury biomechanics laboratory, the authors conducted front, oblique front, lateral, oblique rear, and rear head impact tests at 5.0 m/second using helmeted headforms, inducing near- and subconcussive head impact doses on par with approximately the 95th percentile of on-field collision severity. They also calculated impact dose injury risk parameters common to laboratory and on-field traumatic neuromechanics: linear acceleration, angular acceleration, angular velocity, Gadd Severity Index, diffuse axonal injury, acute subdural hematoma, and brain contusion. Results In many instances the head impact doses and head injury risks while wearing vintage leatherheads were comparable to or better than those while wearing several widely used 21st century varsity helmets. Conclusions The authors do not advocate reverting to leather headgear, but they do strongly recommend, especially for young players, instituting helmet safety designs and testing standards, which encourage the minimization of linear and angular impact doses and injury risks in near- and subconcussive head impacts.

Optimization of the Engine Hood to Reduce the Head Injury during the Vehicle-Human Collision

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Wang ◽  
Qing Chun Wang ◽  
Jian Rong Fu ◽  
Hong Hai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

Effect of hard point of the engine hood on the head injury during the vehicle-human collision was studied to improve the design of engine hood. Firstly, the current common model of the engine hood was established with three-dimensional finite element modeling software, and 20 areas were divided, also a standard head finite element model was imported, secondly, each area of the engine hood was clashed by the standard head model, then the impact on the head injure was analyzed and the hard point of the hood area was achieved, thirdly, the optimization of the inside and outside panel materials and the plate structure were carried out to reduce the head damage. The simulation results show that the engine hood after optimization gave less damage to the head, which means the research carried out here is of a good reference to the engine hood optimization design for human protection

Component-Level Finite Element Model and Validation for a Modern American Football Helmet

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Bustamante ◽  
D. Bruneau ◽  
J. B. Barker ◽  
D. Gierczycka ◽  
M. A. Coralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
American Football ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Football Helmet

scholarly journals Finite Element Simulation for Dynamic Performance of a Dummy’s Head in Helicopter Anti-prang Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Jingfa Lei ◽  
Yan Xuan ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Hong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Reference Index

The dynamic performance of a dummy’s head plays a important role in the research of helicopter anti-prang testing. In this paper, we firstly construct the finite element model for a dummy’s head based on the parameter features of 50th percentile Chinese pilot. Then, the dynamic performance of the head model is simulated according to the calibration rules. After comparing the simulation results with the reference index of the dummy head’s dynamic performances, we find that the FE model has good anthropopathic integrality, and the simulation method used to analyze the dynamic performance of the dummy’s head is correct and validated. This paper has practical guiding significance in the study of helicopter anti-prang testing and other dummy parts, which also provide the reference value for the improvement of dummy structure.

Simulation-Based Study of Impact Energy Absorption in American Football Helmet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Ahmadisoleymani ◽  
James Yang ◽  
Andrew Schmit ◽  
Jahan Rasty
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
American Football ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
Football Helmet ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Concussion injury limits the American football player’s career life and causes several long term problems. In order to limit its severity and frequency, various helmets have been designed to protect player’s head. This absorbency is mainly achieved by the padding system inside the helmet which includes energy absorbing and comfort foams and inflatable air surrounding the foams. In a recent study an experiment was performed on a Riddell Youth Revolution Speed helmet to analyze the effect of the head size on capability of the helmet in attenuating the impacts. It was found that headform size would affect the helmet performance. In the current study, a three dimensional finite element (FE) model has been developed based on the above mentioned experiment. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the FE model based on the experimental results, regarding the effect of headform size on performance of the helmet.

Finite Element Model of a Deformable American Football Helmet Under Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1524-1539
Author(s):  
J. Sebastian Giudice ◽  
Adrian Caudillo ◽  
Sayak Mukherjee ◽  
Kevin Kong ◽  
Gwansik Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Helmet

scholarly journals Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Kwong-Ming Tse ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Long-Bin Tan ◽  
Qing-Qian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Brain

This study is aimed at developing a high quality, validated finite element (FE) human head model for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) prediction and prevention during vehicle collisions. The geometry of the FE model was based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a volunteer close to the anthropometry of a 50th percentile male. The material and structural properties were selected based on a synthesis of current knowledge of the constitutive models for each tissue. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was simulated explicitly as a hydrostatic fluid by using a surface-based fluid modeling method. The model was validated in the loading condition observed in frontal impact vehicle collision. These validations include the intracranial pressure (ICP), brain motion, impact force and intracranial acceleration response, maximum von Mises stress in the brain, and maximum principal stress in the skull. Overall results obtained in the validation indicated improved biofidelity relative to previous FE models, and the change in the maximum von Mises in the brain is mainly caused by the improvement of the CSF simulation. The model may be used for improving the current injury criteria of the brain and anthropometric test devices.

scholarly journals Design and Virtual Testing of American Football Helmets–A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dymek ◽  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Fábio A. O. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
American Football ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Injury Biomechanics ◽  
Football Helmet ◽  
Brain Models

AbstractThis paper aims to review the recent progress in the research carried out by scientists worldwide regarding American Footballers' head injuries and head protective equipment, focusing on the role of computation methods, mainly finite element method application to American Football helmet design and testing as well as head injury biomechanics. The helmet technology has been constantly improved, and it is driven by market competition, medical records, coaches and athletes' self-awareness. With finite element analysis and computational resources development, it is possible to develop more accurate brain models to recreate American Footballers' head impacts. This method seems to be an excellent simulation tool to verify the helmet's ability to absorb energy and enable the researchers to have an insight into head kinematics and tissue-level injuries. The work is focused on head injuries in American Football as the sport becomes more popular across the globe. Additionally, a reference to the development and newest technology is presented. The review's proposed approach gathers studies presented within the last decade regarding the coupling of finite element brain models with helmets in standardised or on-field conditions. The synthesis of the existing state of the art may enhance the researchers to continue investigating the athlete's trauma and improve the protective gear technology to minimise head injuries. The authors presented numerous studies regarding concussions and the newest findings from the last decade, including Finite Element Head models (FEHm) with American Football helmet simulations. All the studies were searched through Google Scholar, Scopus and ResearchGate databases.

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