Development and Preliminary Validation of a Parametric Pediatric Head Finite Element Model for Population-Based Impact Simulations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Hu ◽  
Zhigang Li ◽  
Jinhuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Head Responses

Head injury is the leading cause of pediatric fatality and disability in the United States (1). Although finite element (FE) method has been widely used for investigating head injury under impact, there are only a few 3D pediatric head FE models available in the literature, including a 6-month-old child head model developed by Klinich et al (2), a newborn, a 6-month-old and a 3-year-old child head model developed by Roth et al. (3, 4, 5), and a 1.5-month-old infant head model developed by Coats et al (6). Each of these models only represents a head at a single age with single head geometry. Nowadays, population-based simulations are getting more and more attention. In population-based injury simulations, impact responses for not only an individual but also a group of people can be predicted, which takes into account variations among people thus providing more realistic predictions. However, a parametric pediatric head model capable of simulating head responses for different children at different ages is currently not available. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a fast and efficient method to build pediatric head FE models with different head geometries and skull thickness distributions. The method was demonstrated by morphing a 6-month-old infant head FE model into three newborn infant head FE models and by validating three morphed head models against limited cadaveric test data.

Optimization of the Engine Hood to Reduce the Head Injury during the Vehicle-Human Collision

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Wang ◽  
Qing Chun Wang ◽  
Jian Rong Fu ◽  
Hong Hai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

Effect of hard point of the engine hood on the head injury during the vehicle-human collision was studied to improve the design of engine hood. Firstly, the current common model of the engine hood was established with three-dimensional finite element modeling software, and 20 areas were divided, also a standard head finite element model was imported, secondly, each area of the engine hood was clashed by the standard head model, then the impact on the head injure was analyzed and the hard point of the hood area was achieved, thirdly, the optimization of the inside and outside panel materials and the plate structure were carried out to reduce the head damage. The simulation results show that the engine hood after optimization gave less damage to the head, which means the research carried out here is of a good reference to the engine hood optimization design for human protection

scholarly journals Finite Element Simulation for Dynamic Performance of a Dummy’s Head in Helicopter Anti-prang Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Jingfa Lei ◽  
Yan Xuan ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Hong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Reference Index

The dynamic performance of a dummy’s head plays a important role in the research of helicopter anti-prang testing. In this paper, we firstly construct the finite element model for a dummy’s head based on the parameter features of 50th percentile Chinese pilot. Then, the dynamic performance of the head model is simulated according to the calibration rules. After comparing the simulation results with the reference index of the dummy head’s dynamic performances, we find that the FE model has good anthropopathic integrality, and the simulation method used to analyze the dynamic performance of the dummy’s head is correct and validated. This paper has practical guiding significance in the study of helicopter anti-prang testing and other dummy parts, which also provide the reference value for the improvement of dummy structure.

scholarly journals Development and Multi-Scale Validation of a Finite Element Football Helmet Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Decker ◽  
Alex Baker ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Philip Brown ◽  
Joel Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Football Helmet

Abstract Head injury is a growing concern within contact sports, including American football. Computational tools such as finite element (FE) models provide an avenue for researchers to study, and potentially optimize safety tools, such as helmets. The goal of this study was to develop an accurate representative helmet model that could be used in further study of head injury to mitigate the toll of concussions in contact sports. An FE model of a Schutt Air XP Pro football helmet was developed through three major steps: geometry development, material characterization, and model validation. The fully assembled helmet model was fit onto a Hybrid III dummy head–neck model and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head model and validated through a series of 67 representative impacts similar to those experienced by a football player. The kinematic and kinetic response of the model was compared to the response of the physical experiments, which included force, head linear acceleration, head angular velocity, and carriage acceleration. The outputs between the model and the physical tests were quantitatively evaluated using CORelation and Analysis (CORA), amounting to an overall averaged score of 0.76. The model described in this study has been extensively validated and can function as a building block for innovation in player safety.

Development and numerical validation of a finite element model of the muscle standardized femur

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Polgar ◽  
H S Gill ◽  
M Viceconti ◽  
D W Murray ◽  
J J O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Human Femur ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Physiological Loading ◽  
Physiological Load

The human femur is one of the parts of the musculo-skeletal system most frequently analysed by means of the finite element (FE) method. Most FE studies of the human femur are based on computed tomography data sets of a particular femur. Since the geometry of the chosen sample anatomy influences the computed results, direct comparison across various models is often difficult or impossible. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a novel three-dimensional FE model of the human femur based on the muscle standardized femur (MuscleSF) geometry. In the new MuscleSF FE model, the femoral attachment of each muscle was meshed separately on the external bone surface. The model was tested under simple load configurations and the results showed good agreement with the converged solution of a former study. In the future, using the validated MuscleSF FE model for numerical studies of the human femur will provide the following benefits: (a) the numerical accuracy of the model is known; (b) muscle attachment areas are incorporated in the model, therefore physiological loading conditions can be easily defined; (c) analyses of the femur under physiological load cases will be replicable; (d) results based on different load configurations could be compared across various studies.

Development of a Finite Element Model for Porcine Scalp

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ryland ◽  
Sourav Patnaik ◽  
Rajkumar Prabhu ◽  
M. F. Horstemeyer ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Experimentation ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Control And Prevention

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, head injuries account for 44% of all injury related deaths in the United States. Predictive head injury indicators are being used in car crash evaluations, forensic science investigations, and in research as an alternative to expensive, unpractical, and sometimes unethical animal or human experimentation [1]. The purpose of the present work is to characterize the structural and mechanical properties of the multilayer scalp and create a preliminary FEA model based on our findings. A longer term goal is to develop a high fidelity Finite Element (FE) model of human head.

Application of 2D finite element model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of clamp band joint

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1480-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoye Qin ◽  
Delin Cui ◽  
Shaoze Yan ◽  
Fulei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Joint Structure ◽  
2D Model

Due to frictional slippage between the joint components, clamp band joints may generate nonlinear stiffness and friction damping, which will affect the dynamics of the joint structures. Accurate modeling of the frictional behavior in clamp band joints is crucial for reliable estimation of the joint structure dynamics. While the finite element (FE) method is a powerful tool to analyze structures assembled with joints, it is computationally expensive and inefficient to perform transient analyses with three-dimensional (3D) FE models involving contact nonlinearity. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) FE model of much more efficiency is applied to investigate the dynamics of a clamp band jointed structure subjected to longitudinal base excitations. Prior to dynamic analyses, the sources of the model inaccuracy are determined, upon which a two-step model updating technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of the 2D model in accordance with the quasi-static test data. Then, based on the updated 2D model, the nonlinear influence of the clamp band joint on the dynamic response of the joint structure is investigated. Sine-sweep tests are carried out to validate the updated 2D FE model. The FE modeling and updating techniques proposed here can be applied to other types of structures of cyclic symmetry to develop accurate model with high computational efficiency.

Development of a Finite Element Model for Simulation of Rollover Crashes

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Hu ◽  
Chunsheng Ma ◽  
King H. Yang ◽  
Clifford C. Chou ◽  
Albert I. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Rigid Body Dynamics ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Vehicle Crashworthiness

Rollover crashes are complex by their very nature, and have stimulated many researches aimed at improved occupant safety. In order to investigate the vehicle crashworthiness during rollovers, several test modes are generally used to replicate different real world rollover scenarios. However, such tests are very expensive, especially during the development stage of a new car line. Computer modeling is a cost-effective way to study rollover crashes. However, a survey of literature showed that only rigid-body dynamics based models have been used for rollover simulations. It is well known that this class of models cannot be used to simulate component deformation and structural collapses. Finite element (FE) method, which has been widely used to simulate frontal and side crashes, was rarely used for simulating rollover crashes, due mainly to the relative long duration of a rollover crash. The objective of this study was to develop an FE model for investigating vehicle crashworthiness during three commonly used rollover tests. An FE model of an SUV was developed in this study. Several sub-models, namely the vehicle structure sub-model, the tire sub-model, the suspension system sub-model, the restraint system sub-model, and the dummy model were generated and integrated together. The structure model was first used to simulate the roof crush test as prescribed in FMVSS 216. The resulting load versus roof crush curve matched well against test results. The integrated model was then used to simulate three laboratory-based rollover test modes, namely the SAE J2114 dolly test, curb-trip test, and corkscrew test. For each test mode, up to 1.5 seconds of simulation time (about 1 full vehicle roll) were computed. The vehicle kinematics, including the angular velocity, lateral acceleration, and vertical acceleration during these three test modes were computed and compared with experimental data. The simulated dummy head accelerations, timing and location of the most severe impact to the dummy’s head were also compared with the experimental results. Results showed very good agreement between the tests and simulations. In order to reduce the computational time, multiple CPUs were used. Approximately ten hours were required to run a 1.5 second rollover simulation on eight CPUs. Thus, simulating rollovers using FE method is quickly becoming a reality.

scholarly journals Finite element head model for the crew injury assessment in a light armoured vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Burkacki ◽  
Wojciech Wolański ◽  
Sławomir Suchoń ◽  
Kamil Joszko ◽  
Bożena Gzik-Zroska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Injury Assessment

Purpose: The aim of this paper was the development of a finite element model of the soldier’s head to assess injuries suffered by soldiers during blast under a light armoured vehicle. Methods: The application of a multibody wheeled armoured vehicle model, including the crew and their equipment, aenabled the researchers to analyse the most dangerous scenarios of the head injury. These scenarios have been selected for a detailed analysis using the finite element head model which allowed for the examination of dynamic effects on individual head structures. In this paper, the authors described stages of the development of the anatomical finite element head model. Results: The results of the simulations made it possible to assess parameters determining the head injury of the soldier during the IED explosion. The developed model allows the determination of the parameters of stress, strain and pressure acting on the structures of the human head. Conclusion: In future studies, the model will be used to carry out simulations which will improve the construction of the headgear in order to minimize the possibility of the head injury.

Finite Element Analysis of the Distributed Vibration Absorbers for Structural Noise Control

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Gautam ◽  
Chris Fuller ◽  
James Carneal
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Poroelastic Media ◽  
Hexahedral Elements ◽  
Component Models

This work presents an extensive analysis of the properties of distributed vibration absorbers (DVAs) and their effectiveness in controlling the sound radiation from the base structure. The DVA acts as a distributed mass absorber consisting of a thin metal sheet covering a layer of acoustic foam (porous media) that behaves like a distributed spring-mass-damper system. To assess the effectiveness of these DVAs in controlling the vibration of the base structures (plate) a detailed finite elements model has been developed for the DVA and base plate structure. The foam was modeled as a poroelastic media using 8 node hexahedral elements. The structural (plate) domain was modeled using 16 degree of freedom plate elements. Each of the finite element models have been validated by comparing the numerical results with the available analytical and experimental results. These component models were combined to model the DVA. Preliminary experiments conducted on the DVAs have shown an excellent agreement between the results obtained from the numerical model of the DVA and from the experiments. The component models and the DVA model were then combined into a larger FE model comprised of a base plate with the DVA treatment on its surface. The results from the simulation of this numerical model have shown that there has been a significant reduction in the vibration levels of the base plate due to DVA treatment on it. It has been shown from this work that the inclusion of the DVAs on the base plate reduces their vibration response and therefore the radiated noise. Moreover, the detailed development of the finite element model for the foam has provided us with the capability to analyze the physics behind the behavior of the distributed vibration absorbers (DVAs) and to develop more optimized designs for the same.

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