Vegetation-utilization pattern and performance of small ruminants in woodlands with altering heights of non-pine plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailes Bhattrai ◽  
Uma Karki ◽  
Sanjok Poudel ◽  
Bidur Paneru ◽  
Nevershi Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Characteristics and performance of village animal health workers and veterinary assistants in northern Malawi

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hüttner ◽  
K. Leidl ◽  
F.B.D. Jere ◽  
D.U. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Refresher Training ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Fourty-two village animal health workers called keymen (KM) and 84 veterinary assistants (VA) involved in a Basic Animal Health Service (BAHS) Programme in northern Malawi were interviewed during 1998. The general characteristics and perceptions of both groups were analysed using uni- and multivariate techniques. Detailed sales and treatment patterns of six KMand 12 VAwere evaluated for the period September 1996 to August 1997. Results indicated an overall job-satisfaction for 82 % of KM and 83 % of VA. Estimated weekly involvement in livestock service delivery, particularly of KM, was 3.7 days on average. Total annual drug sales of KM and VA between 1996 and 1997 on average were equivalent to US$ 124 and US$ 218 respectively. Most livestock remedies were issued for treatment of calves, followed by adult cattle, chickens and small ruminants. The changes suggested by VA and KM in order to improve field performance focused on regular refresher training by the BAHS programme.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION AND PERFORMANCE IN THE PROJECTS OF LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF THE REGIONAL SUPPORT PROJECT FOR PASTORALISM IN THE SAHEL (PRAPS) IN NIGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
Régina Soutongo Bande ◽  
Dr. Théophile Bindeouè Nassè
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Effective Development

In West Africa, pastoral systems provide more than 80% of income to rural households and are a vital food source for urban populations. The six Sahelian countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal) have around 20 million pastoralists who raise a population of 60 million cattle and 160 million small ruminants. However, projects in pastoral systems sometimes experience communication-related failures. Development communication is very important within the Regional Support Project for Pastoralism in the Sahel (PRAPS). Still, it must be recognized that some of the objectives are not achieved because of certain factors related to communication which are not taken into account. This state of affairs raises a question: How can the objectives set by PRAPS be achieved with an efficient communication?   The approach used here is inductive, and the research is conducted through qualitative interviews carried out with focus groups. Data is collected using a digital recorder, then, the data is hand-transcribed and analyzed. The results show not only that development communication has effects on project results, but also that development communication has effects on the performance of projects of the Regional Support Project for Pastoralism in the Sahel (PRAPS). It is recommended that project supervisors should put an emphasis on an effective development communication in order to achieve the objectives of the Regional Support Project for Pastoralism in the Sahel (PRAPS).

scholarly journals 92 Health and Performance of Ewes in Woodland and Silvopasture Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Nevershi Ellis ◽  
Uma Karki ◽  
Bidur Paneru ◽  
Lila B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Grazing Lands

Abstract The health and performance of small ruminants can be influenced by the type of vegetation available in the grazing lands, which are evolving from conventional sole pastures to other systems containing browse species, such as pastures incorporated with browse, silvopastures, and woodlands. However, how the type of grazing lands would impact animal performance and health is not documented well. The objective of this study was to determine the health and performance of ewe lambs in southern-pine silvopastures and woodlands. The study site consisted of pine silvopastures (3 plots, 0.4-ha each) planted with different cool- and warm-season forages, and woodlands (3 plots, 0.4-ha each) having numerous understory shrubs and herbaceous species. Katahdin-St. Croix-cross ewe lambs (n = 20; live weight – 29.4±1.03 kg., 5–6 months old) were rotationally stocked in study plots (10 animals/system) from May to August 2019. Both silvopasture and woodland systems consisted of 14-year-old longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. Animal performance data [live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), FAMACHA score, and fecal egg count] were collected every 14 days and blood samples collected at the beginning and on day 80 after they were stocked in the study plots. Blood samples were analyzed for PVC using centrifuge machine and other parameters in IDEXX. Data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance in SAS 9.4. The silvopasture ewes gained more weight versus the woodland ewes (P < 0.0001). Fecal egg count was correlated negatively with live weight and BCS and positively with FAMACHA score in both groups (P < 0.05). Woodland ewes showed greater levels of RBC, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte, but less blood urea nitrogen (BUN), monocyte, and basophil than silvopasture ewes (P < 0.05). Results indicate that woodland ewes may need some supplement to improve their weight gain and BUN.

363 Relationship Between Parasite Load and Performance in Goat Kids at Weaning and Early Post Weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
James Adeyemi ◽  
Kenneth Andries ◽  
Emily Clement
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Goats are small ruminants that have enormous potential to boost the economy and be a major source of income especially to marginal farmers and landless laborers. A very common and economically important condition, which affects domestic livestock species worldwide, is Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism. Haemonchus contortus is the gastrointestinal parasite most common in small ruminants. To better understand the impact of GI parasitism, a study was conducted to research the relationship between parasite load and performance in goat kids at weaning and 60 d post-weaning. Fecal samples were collected at weaning and 60 d post-weaning and egg counts were performed using the modified McMasters technique. Data collected included weights, Fecal Egg Count at weaning, and at 60 d post-weaning. The average fecal egg count at weaning was 830 eggs per gram and 1103 eggs per gram 60 d post-weaning for H. contortus. Egg count at weaning was significantly related to weight at both weaning and 60 d post-weaning (P < .0001 and P = .0003 respectively), but not to ADG (P > .05). Fecal egg count at 60 d post-weaning was not significantly related to either weight or ADG (P > .05). Egg counts at weaning and 60 days post-weaning were not related (P = .0708). The results indicate that early parasite infection can influence animal weights. The lack of a significant correlation between egg counts at weaning and 60 d post weaning indicates a need to evaluate parasite load at later ages in kids when selecting for resistance.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Landscape-use pattern and performance of small ruminants in woodlands with altering understory vegetation heights

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
Shailes Bhattrai ◽  
Uma Karki ◽  
Bidur Paneru ◽  
Nevershi Ellis ◽  
Sanjok Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
And Control

Abstract The vast coverage of woodlands (>60%) in Alabama and other Southeast states presents a great potential for increasing grazing opportunity for small ruminants. Canopy height and openness may influence the utilization of woodland vegetation by small ruminants. However, such information is least explored and reported. The study objectives were to 1) determine the browsing height and preference of small ruminants for woodland vegetation present at different heights and 2) evaluate animal performance while stocked in woodlands. Study plots (6; 0.4-ha each) comprised southern pines [longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly (Pinus taeda L.)], hardwood trees, and numerous understory vegetation. The non-pine (non-target) species were either cut to one of the heights from the ground level (0-m, 0.91-m, 1.52-m) or left uncut (control). Kiko wethers (n = 8, 73±2.6 kg LW) and Katahdin rams (n = 5, 98±4.6 kg LW) were rotationally stocked (3 plots/species). Browsing height was measured at ten random points in each treatment and control, and animals’ preference for different plant species (0–5: 0-not preferred, 5-highly preferred) was recorded after moving animals out of each plot at each rotation. Animal performance data (LW; body condition score, BCS; and FAMACHA score) were collected fortnightly. Data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 (Mixed and GLM procedures). Goats browsed from higher heights than sheep in 0.9-m (1.3-m vs. 1-m) and 1.52-m (1.6-m vs. 1.1-m) treatments and control (1.3-m vs. 1-m) (P < 0.0001). Numerous plant species present in 0-m and 0.91-m treatments were consumed more by both species versus the same plant species present in the control (P < 0.0001). Both animal species performed well while grazing in woodlands, maintaining the desirable BCS (goats: 2.6–2.8; sheep: 3.7–4.0) and FAMACHA (goats: 1.6–2.1; sheep: 1.0–1.6) scores. Results show that lowering the height of non-target vegetation in woodlands is very useful to increase vegetation utilization and achieve desired animal performance.

scholarly journals A Review on the Potential Effects of Mannheimia haemolytica and its Immunogens on the Female Reproductive Physiology and Performance of Small Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽  
Mohamed Abdirahman Boorei ◽  
Eric Lim Teik Chung ◽  
Fitri Wan-Nor ◽  
Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
And Performance

Potential mechanisms to increase shrub intake and performance of small ruminants in mediterranean shrubby ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rogosic ◽  
R.E. Estell ◽  
S. Ivankovic ◽  
J. Kezic ◽  
J. Razov
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Use of tannin containing browse tree/shrubs in the control of intestinal parasites (helminthes) in small ruminants: review

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
O. W. Ehoche ◽  
A. M. Adamu ◽  
G. E. Jokthani ◽  
M. R. Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
And Performance

The overall aim of this review was to evaluate the antihelminthics activity of browse forages containing secondary plant factors. Results from literature have shown the benefits of feeding browse foliage in terms of nutrient supply, supplementation supported animal growth and performance. It was found that supplementation with browse leaf meal reduced worm fecundity, also reduces the worm burdens and total fecal egg counts during feeding period. It is concluded that browse foliage can be used to reduce the adverse effects of intestinal parasite infections in ruminant, hence reducing the need for costly antihelminthics drugs and the development of resistance to these drugs.

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