Behavioral Economics Matters for HIV Research: The Impact of Behavioral Biases on Adherence to Antiretrovirals (ARVs)

The article discusses the gender aspects of health, proceeding from the assumption that taking them into account is likely to increase the effectiveness of motivational measures in the field of forming healthy lifestyles. The methodological basis of this paper is the concept of health promotion supported by WHO that is based on intersectoral and interdisciplinary approaches. It incorporates both a certain system of values, primarily active involvement of people in maintaining their health, and a set of state activities, among which motivating people to healthy lifestyles is important. Behavioral economics as an area of an interdisciplinary research on decision-making substantiates the mechanisms that should be used, among other things, to achieve the goals of healthcare policy, and to solve such problems of modern society as lack of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol abuse, and unhealthy diet.Gender approach that includes gender aspects in the process of analyzing the situation and making political decisions aimed at improving population health becomes a precondition for increasing the effectiveness of motivational measures taken in the interests of promoting the health of citizens. The results of the surveys on the impact of behavioral factors on the health status of the population of Russia conducted by the Russian statistical agency (Rosstat) in 2013 and 2018 were used as a source of empirical data. They made it possible to identify both the differences and the similarities of women and men with regard to behavior motives concerning certain parameters of a healthy lifestyle, namely physical activities and diet. The authors conclude that, despite the importance of using measures aimed at changing behavior, sustainable overcoming of gender stereotypes depends on the intersection of behavioral and socio-economic determinants of health and healthy behavior.

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Empirical Part

Corporate Social Responsibility and Opportunities for Sustainable Financial Success - Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7619-8.ch004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 154-190

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Behavioral Economics ◽

Global Governance ◽

Social Service ◽

Expert Interviews ◽

Public And Private ◽

Social Responsibilities ◽

Start Up ◽

Private Actors ◽

The Impact

The empirical investigation is targeted at describing corporate and financial social responsibilities within market systems with a special attention to global governance provision under the auspice of international organizations. Expert interviews on CSR and SRI aim at understanding social welfare notions of public and private actors. The innovative combination of corporate and government in PPP social service provision will be analyzed with a focus on the network start-up phase. The impact of political divestiture as a means of financial social responsibility, but also measurement impediments will be subject to scrutiny. The exploration of social and psychological SRI motives will complement classic finance theories by behavioral economics insights.

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Economics of Immediate Gratification in Mobile Commerce

Advances in the Economics of Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-444-6.ch009 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 206-226

Author(s):

Kerem Tomak

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Economics ◽

Network Externalities ◽

Hyperbolic Discounting ◽

Mobile Commerce ◽

Low Levels ◽

Profit Maximizing ◽

The Impact ◽

Second Period ◽

Exponential Discounting

In this chapter we attempt to build a bridge between mobile commerce and the emerging field of behavioral economics. We first provide examples from mobile commerce and link them to behavioral economics. We then build a stylized model to assess the impact of hyperbolic discounting on the profit-maximizing behavior of a monopolist firm. We find that the monopolist makes lower profits compared to exponential discounting consumers for low levels of (positive) network externalities. As the network externalities increase, first-period prices increase, second period prices decrease and the profits increase in equilibrium.

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Pay Now or Later? The Impact of Temporal Separation of Payments and Consumption on Consumer Payment Preferences

Advances in the Economics of Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-444-6.ch008 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 172-205

Author(s):

Ranjan Dutta ◽

Jonathan J. Koehler

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Economics ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Temporal Separation ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Economics Literature ◽

Systematic Relationships ◽

Pricing Schemes ◽

The Impact

In this chapter, we draw on the behavioral economics literature to identify the conditions under which consumers would prefer one of three pricing schemes (pre-payment, pay-as-you-go, and post-payment). We suggest that consumer preferences for particular pricing schemes are likely to be determined by systematic relationships that exist among a variety of psychological variables. We offer nine empirical propositions that identify when consumers will prefer different pricing schemes.

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Philosophy of Economics

The Philosophy of Science ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190690649.003.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mikaël Cozic

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Economics ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

A Priori ◽

The Core ◽

Philosophy Of Economics ◽

Empirical Significance ◽

Bona Fide ◽

The Impact ◽

Empirical Methodology ◽

Recent Extension

Although there are no doubts regarding the impact of economics in society and politics, doubts regarding its epistemological status endure. Does economics provide us with bona fide empirical theories? Are its mathematical models on a par with those of the hard sciences, or is its scientific character exaggerated? This chapter focuses on the key problem of the philosophy of economics: the reconciliation of its claim to empirical significance with what often appears as a non-empirical methodology, favoring deduction from a priori principles and showing little sensitivity to refutation by observation and experiment. Several attempts at answering this problem are considered, both in the Millian tradition and following neo-positivist approaches. Finally, the empirical status of the discipline is put in perspective with its recent extension to new fields of inquiry, such as behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, where experiments seem to be part of the core methodology.

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An Analysis of Behavioral Biases in Investment Decision-Making

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v10n4p55 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geetika Madaan ◽

Sanjeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Investment Decision ◽

Investment Decisions ◽

Individual Investors ◽

Behavioral Biases ◽

Investment Decision Making ◽

Survey Responses ◽

The Impact

Individual investor’s behavior is extensively influenced by various biases that highlighted in the growing discipline of behavior finance. Therefore, this study is also one of another effort to assess the impact of behavioral biases in investment decision-making in National Stock Exchange. A questionnaire is designed and through survey responses collected from 243 investors. The present research has applied inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. In the existing study, four behavioral biases have been reviewed namely, overconfidence, anchoring, disposition effect and herding behavior. The results show that overconfidence and herding bias have significant positive impact on investment decision. Overall results conclude that individual investors have limited knowledge and more prone towards making psychological errors. The findings of the study also indicate the existence of these four behavioral biases on individual investment decisions. This study will be helpful to financial intermediaries to advice their clients. Further, study can be elaborated to study other behavioral biases on investment decisions.

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The Value of Behavioral Economics for EU Judicial Decision-Making

German Law Journal ◽

10.1017/glj.2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 240-264

Author(s):

Christoph K. Winter

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Behavioral Economics ◽

Hindsight Bias ◽

Judicial Decision ◽

Behavioral Economic ◽

Judicial Decision Making ◽

Fundamental Freedoms ◽

Cognitive Illusions ◽

Proportionality Test ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis Article analyzes the value of behavioral economics for EU judicial decision-making. The first part introduces the foundations of behavioral economics by focusing on cognitive illusions, prospect theory, and the underlying distinction between different processes of thought. The second part examines the influence of selected biases and heuristics, namely the anchoring effect, availability bias, zero-risk bias, and hindsight bias on diverse legal issues in EU law including, among others, the scope of the fundamental freedoms, the proportionality test as well as the roles of the Advocate General and Reporting Judge. The Article outlines how behavioral economic findings can be taken into account to improve judicial decision-making. Accordingly, the adaptation of judicial training concerning cognitive illusions, the establishment of a de minimis rule regarding the scope of the fundamental freedoms, and the use of economic models when determining the impact of certain measures on fundamental freedoms is suggested. Finally, an “unbiased jury” concentrating exclusively on specific factual issues such as causal connections within the proportionality test is necessary, if the hindsight bias is to be avoided. While it is of great importance to take behavioral economic findings into account, judicial decision-making is unlikely to become flawless based on natural intelligence. Despite bearing fundamental risks, artificial intelligence may provide means to achieve greater fairness, consistency, and legal certainty in the future.

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How do emotional intelligence and behavioral biases of investors determine their investment decisions?

Rajagiri Management Journal ◽

10.1108/ramj-12-2019-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47

Author(s):

Saloni Raheja ◽

Babli Dhiman

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Investment Decision ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Investment Decisions ◽

Risk Tolerance ◽

Content Type ◽

Behavioral Biases ◽

Investment Decision Making ◽

The Impact

Purpose In earlier studies, research has shown that EI is the only element, which influences the ways in which people develop in their lives, jobs and social skills control their emotions and get along with other people. It is EI that dictates the way people deal with one another and understand emotions. The research gap is to explore the impact of behavioral factors and investors psychology on their investment decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The information was gathered from 500 financial specialists. The region of research was the financial specialists who contribute through LSC Securities Ltd. in Punjab State. The purposive testing system was used in this examination. Findings The investigation found that the positive connection between the conduct predispositions of the financial specialists and venture choices of the speculators and positive connection between enthusiastic insight of the financial specialists and their venture choices. Yet, the authors found that the enthusiastic insight better foresees the venture choices of the financial specialists than the conduct predispositions of the speculators. Among the different elements of conduct inclinations of the speculator’s lament and carelessness are identified with the financial specialist’s venture choices. Among the various estimations of eager understanding – care, dealing with emotions, motivation, empathy and social aptitudes are related to the hypothesis decisions of the monetary pros. Research limitations/implications The sample selection was based on purposive sampling, rather than a random probability sample. The sample was area specific, restricted only to Ludhiana Stock Exchange in Punjab state. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized with certainty to all the investors investing through other exchanges in other states. The inferences are based on the assumption that the data provided by the investors are true and correct. The findings may be relevant for other stock exchanges as that of the Ludhiana Stock Exchange. However, the authors do not claim the generalization of the results. Practical implications This study also helps to understand the relationship between investment decision-making and risk tolerance of investors. It will helpful for the financial advisors to know the behavioral biases of investors while making an investment decision, and therefore, they can advise investors properly to mitigate such biases. It may help the investors in understanding the subjective part of their behavior and control their emotions while taking decisions for their investment in stock market options. Social implications This research will help investment advisors and finance professionals to judge investors’ attitudes toward risk in a better way, which leads to better investment decisions. Originality/value This study is my own study and it is original and has not been published anywhere.

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