Spider mite resistance to miticides in South Carolina strawberry and implications for improved integrated pest management

Multidisciplinary integrated pest management (IPM) teams from seven states in the southeastern United States (Alabama, North Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) met to develop standards for adopting IPM in fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production. Teams were composed of growers, private consultants, extension personnel, and faculty. IPM practices available for use on tomatoes in the southeastern United States were identified and a survey to assess the current level of adoption of IPM practices was developed. The survey also allowed growers to identify insect, disease, and production problems; beneficial technology and research developments; and other information relevant to IPM adoption. In northern Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina, IPM adoption by tomato growers was classified as medium or high on >75% of the fresh-market tomato acreage surveyed. It appears these states may have met the federal mandate for IPM adoption. Tomato producers listed early blight, late blight, bacterial spot, bacterial speck, and bacterial wilt as the main disease problems; tomato fruit worm, thrips, and aphids as the primary insect problems; and poor weather conditions, government regulation, and labor as their primary production problems. Twenty-six percent of the producers throughout the region felt that the development of insect- and disease-resistant varieties would be most helpful to increase production.

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AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT EXTENSION PROGRAM FOR NURSERY PRODUCERS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1167b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1167b-1167

Author(s):

J.T. Moody ◽

M.C. Halbrooks

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

First Year ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Pest Species ◽

Aesthetic Quality ◽

Cultural Methods ◽

Extension Program

The ornamental horticulture industry in South Carolina has expanded significantly over the last decade. Today, concerns regarding environmental and public health, and stricter regulations of pesticide use, are creating incentives for growers to evaluate alternative methods of pest control. Nursery producers currently use an array of chemicals in an attempt to control pests including insects, weeds, and diseases. Integrated pest management (IPM) provides an opportunity to reduce chemical reliance. The overall objective of this extension program is to collect and collate information relevant to the implementation of an IPM program. The first year, 1989-90, surveys were developed to determine key factors related nursery pest management. Types of data collected included: key pest species; pest-plant relationships; grower action responses to pest problems; types and frequency of pesticide use. The second year, 1990-91, involved implementing IPM strategies such as: cultural methods; use of horticultural oils, soaps, and lower risk pesticides; and spot treatment applications to help maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels. Improvements in pest management included; reduced chemical applications, reduced associated environmental risks, and maintenance of aesthetic quality of plants.

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Accumulation of Pesticides in Tomato Packinghouse Wastewater and the Influence of Integrated Pest Management on Reducing Residues

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.5.3.243 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 243-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James W. Rushing ◽

Wilton P. Cook ◽

Larry Spell

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Management Practices ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Small Scale ◽

Pesticide Application ◽

Water Analyses ◽

Tank Water

Water analyses from six commercial tomato packinghouse dump tanks in South Carolina revealed that metal and pesticide residues accumulate in the dump-tank water during daily operation. The amount that accumulated varied widely as follows: Asana (esfenvalerate), 0.3 to 13.8 ppb; Bravo (chlorothalonil), 0.1 to 2.7 ppm; copper, 2.0 to 7.3 ppm; and manganese, 0.1 to 2.5 ppm. Contamination appeared to be lowest when growers implemented integrated pest management (IPM) during production. In a subsequent controlled study, tomatoes were produced under the following pest-management practices: IPM protocol with pesticide applications based on scouting reports, modified IPM with one arbitrary pesticide application at bloom, and weekly pesticide application regardless of pest pressure. In a small-scale dump tank simulating commercial packinghouse operation, the water used for tomatoes that were produced with a weekly spray schedule had about 2 to 10 times the amount of pesticide and metal residues found in the water used for tomatoes grown under IPM protocol. Modified IPM protocol resulted in intermediate levels of residues. These results confirm that IPM field practices can reduce residues in tomato packinghouse wastewater.

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INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN TOMATO PACKINGHOUSE WASTEWATER

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.628d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 628d-628

Author(s):

James W. Rushing ◽

Wilton P. Cook ◽

Stanley Schumann

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

South Carolina ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Management Practices ◽

Small Scale ◽

Pesticide Application ◽

Water Analyses ◽

Tank Water

Water analyses from all commercial tomato packinghouse dump tanks in South Carolina in 1989 revealed that heavy metals and pesticides accumulate in the dump tank water throughout the course of daily operation. The amount that accumulated varied widely as follows: esfenvalerate, 0.6 to 13.8 ppb; chlorothalonil, 0.1 to 2.85 ppm; copper, 2.0 to 7.3 ppm; manganese, 0.3 to 2.4 ppm. Contamination was lowest when growers were implementing integrated pest management (IPM) practices during production. In 1990, tomatoes were grown under the following pest management practices: IPM protocol; modified IPM with more frequent spray; or weekly pesticide application regardless of pest pressure. In a small scale dump tank study the water used for tomatoes on the weekly spray schedule had from 2 to 10 times the amount of pesticide and metal residues found in water used for tomatoes grown under IPM. These results confirm that IPM programs can be effective in reducing residues in tomato packinghouse wastewater.

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Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082753 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. R. Adams ◽

G. J Tompkins ◽

A. M. Heimpel ◽

E. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Management Program ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

House Cricket ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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