scholarly journals Selectionism and Diaphaneity

Axiomathes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Jakub Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Subject

AbstractBrain activity determines which relations between objects in the environment are perceived as differences and similarities in colour, smell, sound, etc. According to selectionism, brain activity does not create those relations; it only selects which of them are perceptually available to the subject on a given occasion. In effect, selectionism entails that perceptual experience is diaphanous, i.e. that sameness and difference in the phenomenal character of experience is exhausted by sameness and difference in the perceived items. It has been argued that diaphaneity is undermined by phenomenological considerations and empirical evidence. This paper considers five prominent arguments of this sort and shows that none of them succeeds.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

PUBLISHING PATTERNS IN SPECIALIST ACCOUNTING HISTORY JOURNALS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 1996–1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry D. Carnegie ◽  
Brad N. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Time Span ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Subject

While accounting researchers have explored international publishing patterns in the accounting literature generally, little is known about recent contributions to the specialist international accounting history journals. Specifically, this study surveys publishing patterns in the three specialist, internationally refereed, accounting history journals in the English language during the period 1996 to 1999. The survey covers 149 contributions in total and provides empirical evidence on the location of their authors, the subject country or region in each investigation, and the time span of each study. It also classifies the literature examined based on the literature classification framework provided by Carnegie and Napier [1996].

Seeing beyond the modules toward the subject of perception

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alva Noë ◽  
Evan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vision Module

Pylyshyn's model of visual perception leads to problems in understanding the nature of perceptual experience. The cause of the problems is an underlying lack of clarity about the relation between the operation of the subpersonal vision module and visual perception at the level of the subject or person.

Neuroaesthetics

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Contier ◽  
Laila Torres
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
System Memory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic

The aesthetic experience has been discussed throughout the history of mankind by philosophers and art historians, becoming a universal part of human experience, which leads us to some great interdisciplinary questions. It has been the subject of study by neuroscientists and neuro-psychologists since the 2000s. This recent evolution of neurology studies in the field of art, is due to in vivo brain imaging techniques, especially functional neuroimaging. Furthermore, recent research has provided evidence of cognitive interaction during the perception of an artwork indicating that the perceptual experience of art is not merely a passive one. This article reviews important studies in neuroaesthectics of visual art that point out that the aesthetic experience is related to the distribution in the neural architecture, suggesting the involvement of sensory-motor areas, emotional centers, reward system, memory and language.

The Metaphysics of Memory

Memory ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 32-56
Author(s):  
Jordi Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Causal Theory ◽  
Cognitive Economy ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
In Virtue Of

Chapter 2 offers a proposal about the facts in virtue of which a mental state qualifies as a memory. According to this proposal, a mental state qualifies as a memory in virtue of the functional role that it plays within the cognitive economy of the subject. The chapter outlines two alternative proposals about the nature of memory. According to the causal theory of memory, a mental state is a memory in virtue of the fact that it has been caused by a perceptual experience of some fact. According to the narrative theory of memory, a mental state is a memory in virtue of the fact that the subject is using the mental state to construct a story of their life. It is argued that the functionalist proposal enjoys the virtues of each of the two theories, and it avoids the difficulties which threaten the two theories as well.

Perceptual Experience, Conscious Content, and Non-Conceptual Content

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriah Kriegel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Perceptual Consciousness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Content Of Experience ◽  
Representational Approach

One of the promising approaches to the problem of perceptual consciousness has been the representational theory, or representationalism. The idea is to reduce the phenomenal character of conscious perceptual experiences to the representational content of those experiences. Most representationalists appeal specifically to non-conceptual content in reducing phenomenal character to representational content. In this paper, I discuss a series of issues involved in this representationalist appeal to non-conceptual content. The overall argument is the following. On the face of it, conscious perceptual experience appears to be experience of a structured world, hence to be at least partly conceptual. To validate the appeal to non-conceptual content, the representationalist must therefore hold that the content of experience is partly conceptual and partly non-conceptual. But how can the conceptual and the non-conceptual combine to form a single content? The only way to make sense of this notion, I argue, leads to a surprising consequence, namely, that the representational approach to perceptual consciousness is a disguised form of functionalism.

Development of a Theoretical Construct for Risk and Vulnerability From Six Empirical Studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne M. Leffers ◽  
Diane C. Martins ◽  
Margaret M. McGrath ◽  
Deborah Godfrey Brown ◽  
Judith Mercer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Nursing Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nursing Literature

The concepts of risk and vulnerability are frequently the subject of nursing scholarship but lack semantic and conceptual clarity in the nursing literature. Using empirical evidence from 6 research studies, the authors define the concepts of risk and vulnerability, apply shared definitions to each of the study populations, and discuss 3 types of responses to risk observed in the research setting. This collaborative effort by nursing scholars advances conceptual clarity of risk and vulnerability for the development of nursing knowledge. Further, the examination of risk responses has the potential to link the various perspectives of risk and vulnerability common in nursing and generate nursing practice implications explored in this review.

The Rise of Foreign Ownership and Corporate Governance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merritt B. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
The Subject

This chapter explores the link between corporate governance and the rise of foreign ownership. It presents statistics that illustrate the dramatic rise in foreign ownership over the last few decades and then seeks to explain this rise and its relationship to corporate governance. In order to situate the subject under study within its larger context, this explanation starts with an exploration of the factors independent of corporate-governance considerations that favor a global market for securities and those that impede it. It will be shown that the rise in foreign ownership globally can be explained in significant part by the weakening of the impeding factors. The chapter then shows why, as a matter of theory, improvements in corporate governance can be expected to cause a rise in foreign ownership and a rise in foreign ownership can be expected to cause improvements in corporate governance, with the weakening in the non-corporate-governance factors that impede a global market for securities acting as a catalyst for the causal pathwayings going in both directions. The chapter concludes with a review of substantial empirical evidence suggesting that both causal pathways are in fact at work.

scholarly journals Perceiving Exploding Tropes

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Almäng
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Property A ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
Over Time

The topic of this paper is the perception of properties. It is argued that the perception of properties allows for a distinction between the sense of the identity and the sense of the qualitative nature of a property. So, for example, we might perceive a property as being identical over time even though it is presented as more and more determinate. Thus, you might see an object first as red and then as crimson red. In this case, the property is perceived as identical over time, even though the sense of the qualitative nature (the redness, the crimson redness) of the property is changing. The distinction between the sense of identity and the sense of quality is explicated in terms of perceiving a particular property, a trope, and perceiving it as an instance of a universal. It is subsequently argued that the perceived tropes cannot constitute the phenomenal character of the perceptual experience.

Implementation of an SSVEP-based intelligent home service robot system

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Zhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Home Service Robot ◽  
Home Service ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Severe Motor Impairment ◽  
The Subject

BACKGROUND: People with severe neuromuscular disorders caused by an accident or congenital disease cannot normally interact with the physical environment. The intelligent robot technology offers the possibility to solve this problem. However, the robot can hardly carry out the task without understanding the subject’s intention as it relays on speech or gestures. Brain-computer interface (BCI), a communication system that operates external devices by directly converting brain activity into digital signals, provides a solution for this. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a noninvasive BCI-based humanoid robotic system was designed and implemented for home service. METHODS: A humanoid robot that is equipped with multi-sensors navigates to the object placement area under the guidance of a specific symbol “Naomark”, which has a unique ID, and then sends the information of the scanned object back to the user interface. Based on this information, the subject gives commands to the robot to grab the wanted object and give it to the subject. To identify the subject’s intention, the channel projection-based canonical correlation analysis (CP-CCA) method was utilized for the steady state visual evoked potential-based BCI system. RESULTS: The offline results showed that the average classification accuracy of all subjects reached 90%, and the online task completion rate was over 95%. CONCLUSION: Users can complete the grab task with minimum commands, avoiding the control burden caused by complex commands. This would provide a useful assistance means for people with severe motor impairment in their daily life.

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