Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) have been known for about 90 years: drugs and pesticides, poisons causing paralysis, convulsions and death in case of acute poisoning and leading to cancer, malformations and cognitive impairment in case of chronic exposure by doses that do not cause acute intoxication. Despite the existing measures, deaths due to OPC poisoning are recorded annually. The problem of children development after any poisoning even with small doses of these substances is especially urgent. Modern technologies provide new perspectives for the analysis of chronic intoxication by OPC, prognosis of acute poisoning severity and long-term health consequences. Research of miRNA and metabolomics came to the first place among the scientific approaches to the study of the body’s response to various external stimuli, including OPC poisoning. New methods are being developed to prevent the effects of poisoning based on stabilized bacterial enzymes, as well as modified miRNA.