Remarks on damage and response of school buildings after the Central Italy earthquake sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 5679-5700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Di Ludovico ◽  
A. Digrisolo ◽  
C. Moroni ◽  
F. Graziotti ◽  
V. Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

Active Faulting in Source Region of 2016–2017 Central Italy Event Sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1557-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Galadini ◽  
Emanuela Falcucci ◽  
Stefano Gori ◽  
Paolo Zimmaro ◽  
Daniele Cheloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Main Shocks

The Central Italy earthquake sequence produced three main shocks: M6.1 24 August, M5.9 26 October, and M6.5 30 October 2016. Additional M5–5.5 events struck this territory on 18 January 2017 in the Campotosto area. Fault plane solutions for the main shocks exhibit normal faulting (characteristic of crustal extension occurring in the inner central Apennines). Significant evidence, including hypocenter locations, strike and dip angles of the moment tensors, inverted finite fault models (using GPS, interferometric aperture radar, and ground motion data), and surface rupture patterns, all point to the earthquakes having been generated on the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove fault system (all three main shocks) and on the Amatrice fault, in the northern sector of the Laga Mountains (portion of 24 August event). The earthquake sequence provides examples of both synthetic and antithetic ruptures on a single fault system (30 October event) and rupture between two faults (24 August event). We describe active faults in the region and their segmentation and present understanding of the potential for linkages between segments (or faults) in the generation of large earthquakes.

scholarly journals 2016–2017 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence: Seismic Retrofit Policy and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzoni ◽  
Giulio Castori ◽  
Carmine Galasso ◽  
Paolo Calvi ◽  
Richard Dreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence consisted of several moderately high-magnitude earthquakes, between M5.5 and M6.5, each centered in a different location and with its own sequences of aftershocks spanning several months. To study the effects of this earthquake sequence on the built environment and the impact on the communities, a collaborative reconnaissance effort was organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), the Eucentre Foundation, the European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCentre), and the Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLuis). The effort consisted of two reconnaissance missions: one following the Amatrice Earthquake of 24 August 2016 and one after the end of the earthquake sequence, in May 2017. One objective of the reconnaissance effort was to evaluate existing strengthening methodologies and assess their effectiveness in mitigating the damaging effects of ground shaking. Parallel studies by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, presented in a companion paper, demonstrate that variations in-ground motions due to topographic site effects had a significant impact on damage distribution in the affected area. This paper presents that, in addition to these ground motion variations, variations in the vulnerability of residential and critical facilities were observed to have a significant impact on the level of damage in the region. The damage to the historical centers of Amatrice and Norcia will be used in this evaluation: the historical center of Amatrice was devastated by the sequence of earthquakes; the significant damage in Norcia was localized to individual buildings. Amatrice has not experienced the same number of devastating earthquakes as Norcia in the last 150 years. As a result, its building stock is much older than that of Norcia and there appeared to be little visual evidence of strengthening of the buildings. The distribution of damage observed throughout the region was found to be indicative of the effectiveness of strengthening and of the need for a comprehensive implementation of retrofit policies.

scholarly journals Local Site Effects and Incremental Damage of Buildings during the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1639-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Sextos ◽  
Raffaele De Risi ◽  
Alessandro Pagliaroli ◽  
Sebastiano Foti ◽  
Federico Passeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Effects ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Topographic Effects ◽  
Local Site Effects ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Sequence Of Events

The Central Italy earthquake sequence initiated on 24 August 2016 with a moment magnitude M6.1 event, followed by two earthquakes (M5.9 and M6.5) on 26 and 30 October, caused significant damage and loss of life in the town of Amatrice and other nearby villages and hamlets. The significance of this sequence led to a major international reconnaissance effort to thoroughly examine the effects of this disaster. Specifically, this paper presents evidences of strong local site effects (i.e., amplification of seismic waves because of stratigraphic and topographic effects that leads to damage concentration in certain areas). It also examines the damage patterns observed along the entire sequence of events in association with the spatial distribution of ground motion intensity with emphasis on the clearly distinct performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures under multiple excitations. The paper concludes with a critical assessment of past retrofit measures efficiency and a series of lessons learned as per the behavior of structures to a sequence of strong earthquake events.

Fault fragment control in the 1997 Umbria-Marche, central Italy, Earthquake Sequence

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Meghraoui ◽  
Vittorio Bosi ◽  
Thierry Camelbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

scholarly journals Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 6778-6787 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cheloni ◽  
V. De Novellis ◽  
M. Albano ◽  
A. Antonioli ◽  
M. Anzidei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

scholarly journals Reconnaissance of 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1547-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Stewart ◽  
Paolo Zimmaro ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzo ◽  
Silvia Mazzoni ◽  
Ernesto Ausilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Large Town

The Central Italy earthquake sequence nominally began on 24 August 2016 with a M6.1 event on a normal fault that produced devastating effects in the town of Amatrice and several nearby villages and hamlets. A major international response was undertaken to record the effects of this disaster, including surface faulting, ground motions, landslides, and damage patterns to structures. This work targeted the development of high-value case histories useful to future research. Subsequent events in October 2016 exacerbated the damage in previously affected areas and caused damage to new areas in the north, particularly the relatively large town of Norcia. Additional reconnaissance after a M6.5 event on 30 October 2016 documented and mapped several large landslide features and increased damage states for structures in villages and hamlets throughout the region. This paper provides an overview of the reconnaissance activities undertaken to document and map these and other effects, and highlights valuable lessons learned regarding faulting and ground motions, engineering effects, and emergency response to this disaster.

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