Genetic and Environmental Causes of Individual Differences in Daily Life Positive Affect and Reward Experience and Its Overlap with Stress-Sensitivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Menne-Lothmann ◽  
Nele Jacobs ◽  
Catherine Derom ◽  
Evert Thiery ◽  
Jim van Os ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Causes

scholarly journals Interaction between polygenic liability for schizophrenia and childhood adversity influences daily-life emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta-Katrin Pries ◽  
Boris Klingenberg ◽  
Claudia Menne-Lothmann ◽  
Jeroen Decoster ◽  
Ruud van Winkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Psychosis Proneness

AbstractBackgroundThe earliest stages of the pluripotent psychopathology on the pathway to psychotic disorders is represented by emotional dysregulation and subtle psychosis expression, which can be measured using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, it is not clear to what degree common genetic and environmental risk factors for psychosis contribute to variation in these early expressions of psychopathology.MethodsIn this largest ever EMA study of a general population twin cohort including 593 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 years, we tested whether polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-S) interacts with childhood adversity (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score) and daily-life stressors to influence momentary mental state domains (negative affect, positive affect, and subtle psychosis expression) and stress-sensitivity measures.ResultsBoth childhood adversity and daily-life stressors were associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and increased subtle psychosis expression, while PRS-S was only associated with increased positive affect. No gene–environment correlation was detected. We have provided novel evidence for interaction effects between PRS-S and childhood adversity to influence momentary mental states [negative affect (b = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13, P = 0.013), positive affect (b = −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00, P = 0.043), and subtle psychosis expression (b = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.19, P = 0.007)] and stress-sensitivity measures.ConclusionExposure to childhood adversities, particularly in individuals with high PRS-S, is pleiotropically associated with emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

Resource Utilisation in Groups of Black South African Adolescents: Gender, Age, and Individual Differences

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Liddell ◽  
Chris McConville
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
South African ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Township

This study uses a movie-viewing instrument to assess patterns of resource utilisation in South African township adolescents. The degree to which resource utilisation and other task behaviours were associated with gender, age, and individual differences form the focus. Boys used more gestures denoting dominant and subordinate status, were more physically aggressive, and were generally more coercive than girls. Older children shared the resource more equitably, showed more positive affect, and spent less time issuing directives. There were inequities in children’s access to the movie. However, neither on-task behaviours nor participants’ academic achievement were consistently associated with some children accessing the movie more than others.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Analysis of Variance in Affect in Daily Life

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey B. Scott ◽  
Martin J. Sliwinski ◽  
Matthew Zawadzki ◽  
Robert S. Stawski ◽  
Jinhyuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Widespread Interest

Despite widespread interest in variance in affect, basic questions remain pertaining to the relative proportions of between-person and within-person variance, the contribution of days and moments, and the reliability of these estimates. We addressed these questions by decomposing negative affect and positive affect variance across three levels (person, day, moment), and calculating reliability using a coordinated analysis of seven daily diary, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and diary-EMA hybrid studies (across studies age = 18-84 years, total Npersons = 2,103, total Nobservations = 45,065). Across studies, within-person variance was sizeable (negative affect: 45% to 66%, positive affect: 25% to 74%); in EMA more within-person variance was attributable to momentary rather than daily level. Reliability was adequate to high at all levels of analysis (within-person: .73-.91; between-person: .96-1.00) despite different items and designs. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of future intensive studies of affect variance.

Integrating personality, daily life events and emotion: Role of anxiety and positive affect in emotion regulation dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Congard ◽  
Bruno Dauvier ◽  
Pascal Antoine ◽  
Pierre-Yves Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Daily Life

scholarly journals The impact of neural responses to food cues following stress on trajectories of negative and positive affect and binge eating in daily life

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Wonderlich ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
James C. Thompson ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Scott G. Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
The Impact

Individual differences in positive affect moderate age-related declines in episodic long-term memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Allen ◽  
Kevin Kaut ◽  
Elsa Baena ◽  
Mei-Ching Lien ◽  
Eric Ruthruff
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related

I Am There … but Not Quite: An Unfaithful Mirror That Reduces Feelings of Ownership and Agency

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen O'Sullivan ◽  
Christophe de Bezenac ◽  
Andrea Piovesan ◽  
Hannah Cutler ◽  
Rhiannon Corcoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Passive Touch ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sense Of Identity

The experience of seeing one's own face in a mirror is a common experience in daily life. Visual feedback from a mirror is linked to a sense of identity. We developed a procedure that allowed individuals to watch their own face, as in a normal mirror, or with specific distortions (lag) for active movement or passive touch. By distorting visual feedback while the face is being observed on a screen, we document an illusion of reduced embodiment. Participants made mouth movements, while their forehead was touched with a pen. Visual feedback was either synchronous (simultaneous) with reality, as in a mirror, or asynchronous (delayed). Asynchronous feedback was exclusive to touch or movement in different conditions and incorporated both in a third condition. Following stimulation, participants rated their perception of the face in the mirror, and perception of their own face, on questions that tapped into agency and ownership. Results showed that perceptions of both agency and ownership were affected by asynchrony. Effects related to agency, in particular, were moderated by individual differences in depersonalisation and auditory hallucination-proneness, variables with theoretical links to embodiment. The illusion presents a new way of investigating the extent to which body representations are malleable.

scholarly journals Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life: Mapping Global Self-Reports to Daily Processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Koval ◽  
Elise Katherine Kalokerinos ◽  
Katharine Helen Greenaway ◽  
Hayley Medland ◽  
Peter Kuppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Self Reports

Recent theory outlines emotion regulation as a dynamic process occurring across several stages: (i) identifying the need to regulate, (ii) selecting a strategy, and (iii) implementing that strategy to change an emotional state. Despite its dynamic nature, emotion regulation is typically assessed using static global self-report questionnaires that ask people to reflect on their general use of certain strategies. While these global measures are typically assumed to assess stable individual differences in the selection stage of emotion regulation, this assumption has not been tested systematically. Moreover, it is unclear whether global self-report scales also capture processes relevant to the identification and implementation stages of emotion regulation. To address these issues, we examined how global self-report measures correspond with the three stages outlined in emotion regulation theory, modelled using repeated sampling of strategy use, and affective antecedents and consequences of strategy use in daily life. We analyzed data from nine daily diary and experience sampling studies (total N=1,097), in which participants reported their use of cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and rumination using both global questionnaires and daily life methods. Results across studies revealed weak-to moderate convergent correlations between global self-reports and individual differences in strategy selection in daily life, as well as some cross-strategy correlations. We also found some evidence that certain global self-reports capture identification and implementation processes. Taken together, our findings suggest that global self-reports do not only assess trait strategy selection, but may also reflect individual differences in identification and implementation of emotion regulation strategies in daily life.

scholarly journals Levels of Personality Functioning Predicting Daily Affect Stress and Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally M Heiland ◽  
Jennifer Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Distress Intolerance ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Perceived Invalidation

According to the DSM-5 alterative model of personality disorders (AMPD), severity of personality dysfunction theoretically involves deficits in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. We predicted that people with greater personality dysfunction would experience more problems in daily life, particularly problems associated with self-efficacy for engaging with affect and self-control (i.e., subjective willpower and distress intolerance), along with greater intensity of life stressors and higher perceived invalidation from others. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N = 99) were randomly prompted seven times a day for one week, where they were asked questions about momentary affect, their perceived level of momentary distress tolerance, and their momentary willpower. Each night they were also asked about stressors experienced that day and intensity of their subjective response to those stressors, and their daily experience of being invalidated. Results found that higher personality dysfunction, assessed at baseline, predicted greater daily negative affect, less daily positive affect, more intensely experienced stressors, and more perceived invalidation. We also found that personality dysfunction interacted with positive affect in predicting momentary self-efficacy and daily invalidation; people with greater personality dysfunction experienced lower momentary willpower, higher distress intolerance and stronger perceived invalidation alongside lower positive affect. These findings provide evidence that personality functioning influences daily life, as well as support the use of the AMPD in conceptualizing personality pathology

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