Empirical evidence that soil carbon formation from plant inputs is positively related to microbial growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bradford ◽  
Ashley D. Keiser ◽  
Christian A. Davies ◽  
Calley A. Mersmann ◽  
Michael S. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation

How drought modulates carbon-use efficiency and soil carbon formation in rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Sokol ◽  
Steve Blazewicz ◽  
Megan Foley ◽  
Alex Greenlon ◽  
Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation

<p>Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is theorized to be positively associated with the formation of microbially-derived, mineral-associated soil carbon.  Yet few empirical studies have directly tested this relationship. Moreover, it is unclear: (1) how differences between distinct soil microbial communities (for example, differences in competitive interactions and/or growth rate among rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soil communities) may yield different relationships between carbon-use efficiency and soil carbon formation, and (2) how microbial ecophysiology – such as physiological changes induced by drought – may modulate the strength and/or direction of the CUE-soil carbon relationship.</p><p>To investigate these questions, we conducted a 12-week <sup>13</sup>C tracer study to track the movement of two dominant sources of plant carbon – rhizodeposition and root detritus – into soil microbial communities and carbon pools under normal moisture vs drought conditions. Using a continuous <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>-labeling system, we grew the Mediterranean annual grass <em>Avena barbata</em> in controlled growth chambers and measured the formation of organic matter from <sup>13</sup>C-enriched rhizodeposition. As the plants grew, we harvested rhizosphere and bulk soil at three time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks) to capture changes in soil carbon pools and microbial community dynamics. In parallel microcosms, we tracked the formation of soil carbon derived from <sup>13</sup>C-enriched <em>A. barbata</em> root detritus during 12 weeks of decomposition; harvesting detritusphere and bulk soil at 4,8, and 12 weeks. In all microcosms, we manipulated soil moisture to generate drought (7.8 ± 2.1 % soil moisture) and ‘normal moisture’ (15.1 ± 4.2 % soil moisture) treatments.</p><p>In all samples (over 150 observations), we measured CUE via the <sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O method, and quantified the formation of different <sup>13</sup>C-soil organic carbon pools via density fractionation. Here we will present data on how soil moisture influences CUE in rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soil communities, and whether differences in CUE are correlated with the formation of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. These results will help to illustrate whether CUE acts as a lynchpin variable with predictive power for stable soil carbon formation, or whether other microbial traits may require consideration.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Reduction of soil carbon formation by tropospheric ozone under increased carbon dioxide levels

Nature ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 425 (6959) ◽  
pp. 705-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Loya ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer ◽  
Noah J. Karberg ◽  
John S. King ◽  
Christian P. Giardina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

scholarly journals Plant growth, biomass partitioning and soil carbon formation in response to altered lignin biosynthesis inPopulus tremuloides

2007 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Hancock ◽  
Wendy M. Loya ◽  
Christian P. Giardina ◽  
Laigeng Li ◽  
Vincent L. Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation

Substrate identity and amount overwhelm temperature effects on soil carbon formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Oldfield ◽  
Thomas W. Crowther ◽  
Mark A. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation

scholarly journals Environmental and microbial controls on microbial necromass recycling, an important precursor for soil carbon stabilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Buckeridge ◽  
Kelly E. Mason ◽  
Niall P. McNamara ◽  
Nick Ostle ◽  
Jeremy Puissant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Indicator Species Analysis ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Carbon Stabilization ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Soil Carbon Stabilization

Abstract There is an emerging consensus that microbial necromass carbon is the primary constituent of stable soil carbon, yet the controls on the stabilization process are unknown. Prior to stabilization, microbial necromass may be recycled by the microbial community. We propose that the efficiency of this recycling is a critical determinant of soil carbon stabilization rates. Here we explore the controls on necromass recycling efficiency in 27 UK grassland soils using stable isotope tracing and indicator species analysis. We found that recycling efficiency was unaffected by land management. Instead, recycling efficiency increased with microbial growth rate on necromass, and was highest in soils with low historical precipitation. We identified bacterial and fungal indicators of necromass recycling efficiency, which could be used to clarify soil carbon stabilization mechanisms. We conclude that environmental and microbial controls have a strong influence on necromass recycling, and suggest that this, in turn, influences soil carbon stabilization.

Microbial response to cooling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schnecker ◽  
Felix Spiegel ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Andreas Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Microbial Carbon

<p>In temperate soil systems microbial biomass often increases during winter and decreases again in spring. This build up and release of microbial carbon could potentially lead to a build-up of stabilized soil carbon during winter times. The mechanism behind the increase in microbial carbon is not well understood. In this laboratory incubation study, we looked into microbial physiology as well as microbial glucose uptake and partitioning during cooling. Soils from a temperate forest and agricultural system were cooled down from field temperature of 11°C to 1°C. We added <sup>13</sup>C-labelled glucose immediately and after an acclimation phase of 7 days and traced the <sup>13</sup>C into microbial biomass, CO<sub>2</sub> respired from the soil and phospholipid fatty acids. In addition we determined microbial growth using <sup>18</sup>O-incorporation into DNA.</p><p>First results show that while total respiration was strongly reduced when soils were cooled, glucose-derived respiration was as high in soils at 1°C as at 11°C. The same general pattern was found in soils during fast cooling and after an acclimation phase in agricultural and forest soils. We also saw an increased investment of glucose-derived carbon in unsaturated PLFAs. Since unsaturated fatty acids retain fluidity at lower temperatures compared to saturated fatty acids, this could be interpreted as precaution to reduced temperatures and potential freezing.</p><p>Our results show a distinct response of the soil microbial community to cooling. The maintained glucose-derived respiration and incorporation into PLFAs at low temperatures compared to field temperature might indicate a preferential use of labile C forms during cooling. Moreover, the <sup>13</sup>C incorporation into PLFAs may signal the buildup of cooling resistant cell membranes. These findings will be discussed with results from the <sup>13</sup>C label tracing into microbial biomass, extractable organic carbon and total soil carbon as well as data on microbial growth and carbon use efficiency.</p>

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