scholarly journals EEG Microstates and Psychosocial Stress During an Exchange Year

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursija Kadier ◽  
Maria Stein ◽  
Thomas Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Class A ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Later Phase

Abstract The well-known stress vulnerability model of psychosis assumes that psychotic episodes result from the coincidence of individual trait dispositions and triggering stressors. We thus hypothesized that a transient psychosocial stressor would not only increase the number of and stress caused by psychosis-like symptoms (like delusion-like symptoms or auditory hallucinations) in healthy subjects but also elicit changes in EEG microstates that have been related to the presence of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Considering a radical change of one’s psychosocial environment as a significant stressor, we analyzed psychotic symptoms and EEG microstate data in teenage exchange-students at an early and a later phase of their stay. The subjects experienced a small and transient, but significant increase of stress by psychosis-like symptoms. These changes in mental state were associated with increases in microstate class A, which has previously been related to unspecific stress. microstate classes C and D, which have consistently been found to be altered in patients with psychosis, were found unaffected by the time of the recording and the subjective stress experiences. Therefore, we conclude that microstate class A appears to be a psychosis independent and rather general correlate of psychosocial stress, whereas changes in microstate classes C and D seem to be more specifically tied to the presence of psychotic symptoms.

Stress-vulnerability model of suicidal behaviours

Suicide ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Danuta Wasserman ◽  
Marcus Sokolowski
Keyword(s):  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Model

scholarly journals School refusal, depression and suicidality in an adolescent girl- the interplay of stress and vulnerability: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Anita Thakur ◽  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Susanta Padhy
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Individual Psychotherapy ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
History Of

The stress vulnerability model emphasizes the interplay of genetic vulnerability, personal characteristics and psychosocial factors in the causation of mental illness. The index case highlights the genesis of psychiatric illness in an adolescent female with a family history of bipolar disorder and substance dependence leading to impaired family interaction and family dynamics. Individual psychotherapy, family therapy and pharmacological management proved beneficial in the index case.

Psychological Vulnerability and Substance Abuse as Predictors of Suicide Ideation among Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Kirkpatrick-Smith ◽  
Alexander R. Rich ◽  
Ronald Bonner ◽  
Frank Jans
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Criterion Variable ◽  
Reasons For Living ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Model

A stress-vulnerability model of suicidal behavior among college students was proposed by Bonner and Rich [1, 2]. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and extend this model using a younger adolescent (i.e., high school) sample. A total of 613 students (328 females and 285 males) completed the self-report measures of life stress, depression, hopelessness, reasons for living, loneliness, alcohol and drug use, and suicidal ideation. These factors served as predictor variables in stepwise multiple regressions with suicidal ideation serving as the criterion variable. Four variables emerged as significant predictors of suicidal ideation: depression, hopelessness, few reasons for living, and problem substance use. The linear combination of these variables accounted for 52 percent of the variance in suicide ideation scores. The substance abuse variable accounted for variance in ideation scores independent of the other factors.

scholarly journals Brain 5-HT deficiency increases stress vulnerability and impairs antidepressant responses following psychosocial stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2557-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Sachs ◽  
Jason R. Ni ◽  
Marc G. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Designer Drugs ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

Brain serotonin (5-HT) deficiency and exposure to psychosocial stress have both been implicated in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT deficiency influences susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes induced by psychosocial stress has not been formally established. Most clinically effective antidepressants increase the extracellular levels of 5-HT, and thus it has been hypothesized that antidepressant responses result from the reversal of endogenous 5-HT deficiency, but this hypothesis remains highly controversial. Here we evaluated the impact of brain 5-HT deficiency on stress susceptibility and antidepressant-like responses using tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockin (Tph2KI) mice, which display 60–80% reductions in brain 5-HT. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to social defeat stress (SDS), a model of psychosocial stress, and prevents the fluoxetine (FLX)-induced reversal of SDS-induced social avoidance, suggesting that 5-HT deficiency may impair antidepressant responses. In light of recent clinical and preclinical studies highlighting the potential of inhibiting the lateral habenula (LHb) to achieve antidepressant and antidepressant-like responses, we also examined whether LHb inhibition could achieve antidepressant-like responses in FLX-insensitive Tph2KI mice subjected to SDS. Our data reveal that using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to inhibit LHb activity leads to reduced SDS-induced social avoidance behavior in both WT and Tph2KI mice. This observation provides additional preclinical evidence that inhibiting the LHb might represent a promising alternative therapeutic approach under conditions in which selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF A COMORBID ANXIETY DISORDER ON PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN A PATIENT WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A CASE STUDY

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Good
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

This case study deals with the effect of treatment of social phobia on psychotic symptoms in a patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Stress vulnerability models were used to provide a rationale for treatment. The phobia was treated using standard CBT techniques while the therapist avoided any direct treatment of the psychotic symptoms. Scores for social phobia reduced to a sub clinical level over the course of treatment and the psychotic symptoms rapidly abated. Although only a single case study and therefore impossible to generalize to a wider patient group the study would seem to suggest that treatment of comorbid anxiety disorders can effect psychotic symptoms. Some thoughts are presented as to why this might be the case.

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