The review presents an analysis of scientific, technical and patent information on the hydroisomerization of benzene-containing gasoline fractions, as a way of obtaining components of environmentally friendly highoctane components of motor fuels. The advantages and disadvantages of the principal methods of catalytic processing of benzene-containing fractions, such as hydrogenation of benzene, alkylation of benzene with olefins, are considered. Particular attention is paid to promising catalysts and technologies of hydroisomerization of benzene-containing fractions.