scholarly journals Cognitive Bias Modification of Expectancies (CBM-E): Effects on Interpretation Bias and Autobiographical Memory, and Relations with Social and Attachment Anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Krans ◽  
Guy Bosmans ◽  
Elske Salemink ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals Inferences Training Affects Memory, Rumination, and Mood

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110098
Author(s):  
Baruch Perlman ◽  
Nilly Mor ◽  
Yael Wisney Jacobinski ◽  
Adi Doron Zakon ◽  
Noa Avirbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Shed Light

Making negative inferences for negative events, ruminating about them, and retrieving negative aspects of memories have all been associated with depression. However, the causal mechanisms that link negative inferences to negative mood and the interplay between inferences, rumination, and memory have not been explored. In the current study, we used a cognitive-bias modification (CBM) procedure to train causal inferences and assessed training effects on ruminative thinking, memory, and negative mood among people with varying levels of depression. Training had immediate effects on negative mood and rumination but not after recall of a negative autobiographical memory. Note that training affected memory: Participants falsely recalled inferences presented during the training in a training-congruent manner. Moreover, among participants with high levels of depression, training also affected causal inferences they made for an autobiographical memory retrieved after training. Our findings shed light on negative cognitive cycles that may contribute to depression.

scholarly journals Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

10.2196/11517 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e11517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Otkhmezuri ◽  
Marilisa Boffo ◽  
Panote Siriaraya ◽  
Maria Matsangidou ◽  
Reinout W Wiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Bias Modification

Background Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes. Objective This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness. Methods A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed. Results The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence. Conclusions This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.

scholarly journals Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Saeed Nasiry ◽  
◽  
Zahra Ameli ◽  
Pegah Pezeshki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bias Modification

Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention. Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.

Cognitive Bias Modification in the Treatment of Social Anxiety in Early Psychosis: A Single Case Series

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Turner ◽  
Laura Hoppitt ◽  
Joanne Hodgekins ◽  
Judith Wilkinson ◽  
Bundy Mackintosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Bias Modification

Background: Social anxiety is a common problem among people who are recovering from psychosis. At present there is no evidence based psychological treatment targeting social anxiety in this population. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) has been shown to be effective in reducing social anxiety in people who do not have a history of psychosis. Aims: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the CBM-I methodology for use in a clinical setting with people who are experiencing social anxiety following an episode of psychosis. Method: Eight participants with social anxiety were recruited from an early intervention service. A single session of computerized CBM-I was conducted, with mood and cognitive interpretation bias being assessed before and after the session. Results: All participants reported an improvement in mood immediately following the CBM-I session (n = 8). For those participants who had a negative interpretation bias, none became more negative following the CBM-I session, with three out of six participants showing a beneficial change. Conclusion: These results suggest that CBM-I is acceptable for use with people who are experiencing social anxiety following a psychotic episode. Further research looking at how CBM-I could be made more interactive and producing more applicable scenarios for use in a clinical setting is recommended.

Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive bias modification for interpretation as an adjunctive treatment for OCD and related disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J Falkenstein ◽  
Kara N. Kelley ◽  
Devin Dattolico ◽  
Jennie M Kuckertz ◽  
Andreas Bezahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Bias Modification

Background: Cognitive models implicate interpretation bias in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), and research supports Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) in targeting this mechanism. However, prior studies in OCRDs have been limited to nonclinical populations, adolescents, and adults in a laboratory setting. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I as an adjunctive intervention during intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for adults with OCRDs.Method: We modified a lab-based CBM-I training for adults seeking IRT for OCRDs, and conducted a feasibility trial (N = 4) and subsequent pilot RCT; participants (N = 31) were randomized to receive CBM-I or psychoeducation.Results: Benchmarks were met for feasibility, acceptability, and target engagement. From pre- to post-intervention, the CBM-I group showed a large effect for change in interpretation bias (d = .90), whereas this effect was trivial (d = .06) for psychoeducation.Conclusions: This was the first study to evaluate CBM-I in naturalistic treatment for OCRDs. Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I in this novel sample and setting. A larger scale RCT is needed to determine whether CBM-I can enhance OCRD treatment response.

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