hUC-MSCs: evaluation of acute and long-term routine toxicity testing in mice and rats

A novel design of 3D printed zebrafish millifluidic system for embryonic long-term cultivation and toxicity screening has been developed. The chip unit provides 24 cultivation chambers and a selective individual embryo removal functionality.

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Toxicity testing with Vibrio Fischeri: A comparison between the long term (24 h) and the short term (30 min) bioassay

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00340-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 2925-2938 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

T. Backhaus ◽

K. Froehner ◽

R. Altenburger ◽

L.H. Grimme

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Short Term

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SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXICITY TESTING OF ORAL COMPOUNDS ADMINISTERED CONTINUOUSLY OR CYCLICALLY

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.075s387 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 77 (1_Suppla) ◽

pp. S387-S408 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. A. Overbeek ◽

H. W. Hornstra ◽

E. B. van Julsingha ◽

J. P. Mumford ◽

I. Zayed

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Safety Studies ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Dose Levels

ABSTRACT The authors feel that several reasons exist for considering contraceptives as a special class of drugs, which therefore require special safety studies. Apart from the usual short and long term studies, particular attention should be paid to the reversibility of the induced infertility, and to its possible consequences for subsequent offspring. A possible risk of damage to the foetus is partially outweighed by the low risk of pregnancy during the treatment periods with oral contraceptives. The procedures used in the Organon laboratories are briefly described. Principles on which we base the choice of dose levels and the duration of the various studies are discussed. The paucity of available data from toxicity studies in animals has prevented the presentation of a summary allowing an appraisal of the predictive value of the current methods in toxicology. Nevertheless, a few examples are given which demonstrate the need for more predictive methods. The present lack of knowledge on side effects in humans after prolonged treatment with oral contraceptives has created a feeling of uneasiness. This in its turn has resulted in some excessive regulatory requirements for very long term animal studies. In our opinion, the predictive value of these studies is extremely low because of the inadequacy of the available animal models. More value can be attached to the monitoring of side effects in humans and efforts in this direction should be increased. The Organon system of monitoring the side effects of its marketed preparations is briefly described. It is not considered feasible to standardize regulatory toxicity requirements for the time being, which should not prevent us from aiming at reasonable, more generally accepted methods of study.

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Investigation of genotoxicity in river sediments

Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica ◽

10.1515/nbec-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 86-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oľga Šestinová ◽

Lenka Findoráková ◽

Jozef Hančuľák ◽

Tomislav Špaldon

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

River Sediments ◽

Screening Method ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Mining Area ◽

Testing Procedure ◽

Genotoxic Effect ◽

Solid Samples

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to develop a useful screening method to assess genotoxic effect of polluted bottom sediments from the water reservoir Ružin No.I. The Hornád and Hnilec Rivers drained a former mining area, have been polluted in the long-term by heavy metals (Cu, As, Sb, Hg), which significantly contributed to environmental degradation. Genotoxicity of bottom sediment was evaluated by test SOS-ChromoPadTM 3.0 for solid samples without extraction. The mentioned test represents simple, quick and direct sediment phase toxicity testing procedure. In this test bacterial strain Escherichia coli K12 PQ37 was used. The results of SOS-ChromoPadTM 3.0 showed that sample Hornád has low potential genotoxic effect on the environment. It was determined on the basis of slight blue colouration of chromogenic paper at the point of sediment application. The sample Hnilec was negative. This test allows significantly reduce the time for obtaining information about sediments genotoxicity and accept necessary security proceeding in time.

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Novel AdvancedIn VitroMethods for Long-term Toxicity Testing

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119290102900407 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 393-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Walter Pfaller ◽

Michael Balls ◽

Richard Clothier ◽

Sandra Coecke ◽

Paul Dierickx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Testing

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Barriers, Nephrotoxicology and Chronic Testing In Vitro

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119290203002s15 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pilar Prieto

Keyword(s):

Chronic Exposure ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Renal Epithelium ◽

Acute And Chronic Exposure

In many organs of the human body, there are effective physiological barriers which contribute to regulation of the uptake, transport and secretion of endogenous and exogenous materials. ECVAM is involved in the development of several in vitro models for detecting damage to various barriers, including, the renal epithelium, the intestinal barrier, and the blood–brain barrier, after acute and chronic exposure to chemicals and products of various kinds. Long-term toxicity testing is an important issue in toxicology. At present, there are no generally accepted in vitro models available for replacing chronic testing in animals. Under chronic exposure conditions, the cellular response is greater than that which can be predicted in the standard cytotoxicity models. Therefore, the approach to predicting chronic toxicity will need to involve more-complex in vitro models. Several currently available in vitro long-term toxicity systems are under evaluation.

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