The role of large, glaciated tributaries in cooling an important Pacific salmon migration corridor: a study of the Babine River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara J. Pitman ◽  
Jonathan W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Migration Corridor

Applications to conservation biology

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
Louis W. Botsford ◽  
J. Wilson White ◽  
Alan Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Probability Of Extinction ◽  
Population Viability Analyses

This chapter describes how models can aid in managing populations to prevent extinction, given uncertainty about their state. From previous chapters, it is clear that avoiding extinction requires keeping both abundance and the replacement rate high. However, for both, the question remains, how high? The question of how high abundance should be to achieve a certain risk is addressed by existing population viability analyses (PVA). By contrast, the problem of maintaining high replacement has received little attention. This chapter describes how uncertainty in population parameters and the frequency spectrum of the environment both affect estimates of the probability of extinction, including examples of PVAs that pay greater attention to those complications. Additionally, an example is provided of tracking both abundance and replacement to avoid extinction for many different populations of a single taxon, Pacific salmon. Finally, the role of portfolio effects (diversity in variance among populations) is explored.

scholarly journals Singapore as a nexus of migration corridors: The qiaopi system and diasporic heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
Huimei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration Corridors ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Corridor

Singapore has served as a strategic hub of immigration in Southeast Asia over the past two centuries since its founding as an entrepot in 1819. It is not only due to its geographic location at the crossroads between the East and West, but also to its vibrant social and business organizations that have provided effective institutional links both within Southeast Asia and between the region and China. This has, in turn, contributed to the making of Singapore as a key migration corridor among the Chinese diaspora. An overlooked institutional link in this corridor is qiaopi, the remittances-cum-letters sent home by Chinese immigrants from the 1820s to the 1980s, which was part of the intra-regional circulation of capital, goods, people and information. Qiaopi was officially selected into the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO’s) “Memory of the World” Register in 2013, thus demonstrating its heritage significance. This paper examines the role of the qiaopi trade in establishing and consolidating Singapore’s place as the most important migrant corridor in Southeast Asia. It also discusses qiaopi from a transnational perspective of diasporic heritage and its contemporary relevance to the heritage corridor.

Fertilization of Terrestrial Vegetation by Spawning Pacific Salmon: The Role of Flooding and Predator Activity

Oikos ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ben-David ◽  
T. A. Hanley ◽  
D. M. Schell
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation

The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1437-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Bellmore ◽  
Alexander K. Fremier ◽  
Francine Mejia ◽  
Michael Newsom
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Stream Periphyton

Mediation functions in Ecopath with Ecosim: handle with care

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ecopath With Ecosim ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Initial States

Ecosystem models are important tools for addressing complex issues such as the role of habitat in marine resource management. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software can represent several ecological processes via mediation functions, where the abundance of one group influences trophic interactions between two other groups. I ran a series of temporal simulations in EwE, in which eelgrass (Zostera marina) was refuge habitat for juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and the abundance of eelgrass mediated (reduced) the vulnerability of juvenile salmon to their predators. I compared the effects of eelgrass on salmon biomass across three shapes of mediation curve (linear, hyperbolic, sigmoid) and six different initial states along each curve. Salmon responded strongest to sigmoid mediation and least to hyperbolic mediation. Salmon responses were sensitive to initial conditions, particularly along sigmoid curves. As the lower limit of the mediation curve (Mmin) approached 0, model results became nonintuitive, particularly for sigmoid curves. Because these functions are difficult to quantify or scale from empirical or experimental studies, modelers must carefully account for uncertainty when using mediation relationships in EwE. Hyperbolic mediation curves may be the most conservative when empirical or theoretical knowledge is unavailable.

Seasonal changes in diets of coastal and riverine mink: the role of spawning Pacific salmon

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ben-David ◽  
T. A. Hanley ◽  
D. R. Klein ◽  
D. M. Schell
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Salmon Carcasses

Feeding niches of riverine and coastal mink (Mustela vison) in southeast Alaska differ in prey composition and abundance and diving medium during spring and summer. In autumn, however, the upstream migration of spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) creates a pulse of food for mink. We hypothesized that diets of coastal and riverine mink, and therefore their stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N), would differ significantly during periods when salmon were absent, but that salmon carcasses would constitute a large portion of the diet of both groups during the salmon spawning season. Stable isotope analyses of clotted blood cells from 24 live-captured mink and muscle tissue from 25 mink carcasses were used to indicate the composition of diets of individual mink in 1992 and 1993. These isotope values were then compared with stable isotope ratios of prey, using a multiple-source mixing model. Our results indicate that riverine mink depended on salmon (carcasses and fry), with little seasonal or individual variation, whereas coastal mink relied on intertidal organisms in spring and summer, with measurable (<25%) consumption of salmon carcasses when they became available in autumn. Coastal and riverine mink in southeast Alaska differ strongly in their diets in spring and summer, with both groups relying on the abundant salmon carcasses during autumn.

scholarly journals Collective navigation can facilitate passage through human-made barriers by homeward migrating Pacific salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1937) ◽  
pp. 20202137
Author(s):  
Connie Okasaki ◽  
Matthew L. Keefer ◽  
Peter A. H. Westley ◽  
Andrew M. Berdahl
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Collective Navigation

The mass migration of animals is one of the great wonders of the natural world. Although there are multiple benefits for individuals migrating in groups, an increasingly recognized benefit is collective navigation, whereby social interactions improve animals’ ability to find their way. Despite substantial evidence from theory and laboratory-based experiments, empirical evidence of collective navigation in nature remains sparse. Here we used a unique large-scale radiotelemetry dataset to analyse the movements of adult Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus sp.) in the Columbia River Basin, USA. These salmon face substantial migratory challenges approaching, entering and transiting fishways at multiple large-scale hydroelectric mainstem dams. We assess the potential role of collective navigation in overcoming these challenges and show that Chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha ), but not sockeye salmon ( O. nerka ) locate fishways faster and pass in fewer attempts at higher densities, consistent with collective navigation. The magnitude of the density effects were comparable to major established drivers such as water temperature, and model simulations predicted that major fluctuations in population density can have substantial impacts on key quantities including mean passage time and fraction of fish with very long passage times. The magnitude of these effects indicates the importance of incorporating conspecific density and social dynamics into models of the migration process. Density effects on both ability to locate fishways and number of passage attempts have the potential to enrich our understanding of migratory energetics and success of migrating anadromous salmonids. More broadly, our work reveals a potential role of collective navigation, in at least one species, to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic barriers to animals on the move.

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