scholarly journals Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Sugiyama ◽  
Munechika Misumi ◽  
Ritsu Sakata ◽  
Alina V. Brenner ◽  
Mai Utada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

AbstractWe examined the mortality risks among 2463 individuals who were exposed in utero to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima or Nagasaki in August 1945 and were followed from October 1950 through 2012. Individual estimates of mother’s weighted absorbed uterine dose (DS02R1) were used. Poisson regression method was used to estimate the radiation-associated excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cause-specific mortality. Head size, birth weight, and parents’ survival status were evaluated as potential mediators of radiation effect. There were 339 deaths (216 males and 123 females) including deaths from solid cancer (n = 137), lymphohematopoietic cancer (n = 8), noncancer disease (n = 134), external cause (n = 56), and unknown cause (n = 4). Among males, the unadjusted ERR/Gy (95% CI) was increased for noncancer disease mortality (1.22, 0.10–3.14), but not for solid cancer mortality (− 0.18, < − 0.77–0.95); the unadjusted ERR/Gy for external cause mortality was not statistically significant (0.28, < − 0.60–2.36). Among females, the unadjusted ERRs/Gy were increased for solid cancer (2.24, 0.44–5.58), noncancer (2.86, 0.56–7.64), and external cause mortality (2.57, 0.20–9.19). The ERRs/Gy adjusted for potential mediators did not change appreciably for solid cancer mortality, but decreased notably for noncancer mortality (0.39, < − 0.43–1.91 for males; 1.48, − 0.046–4.55 for females) and external cause mortality (0.10, < − 0.57–1.96 for males; 1.38, < − 0.46–5.95 for females). In conclusion, antenatal radiation exposure is a consistent risk factor for increased solid cancer mortality among females, but not among males. The effect of exposure to atomic bomb radiation on noncancer disease and external cause mortality among individuals exposed in utero was mediated through small head size, low birth weight, and parental loss.

Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13: Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950–1997

2012 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. AV146-AV172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Preston ◽  
Yukiko Shimizu ◽  
Donald A. Pierce ◽  
Akihiko Suyama ◽  
Kiyohiko Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Disease Mortality

Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13: Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950–1997

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Preston ◽  
Yukiko Shimizu ◽  
Donald A. Pierce ◽  
Akihiko Suyama ◽  
Kiyohiko Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Disease Mortality

scholarly journals Association of engagement in cultural activities with cause-specific mortality determined through an eight-year follow up: The HUNT Study, Norway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248332
Author(s):  
Bente I. Løkken ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Erik R. Sund ◽  
Steinar Krokstad ◽  
Vegar Rangul
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Related Mortality

Participation in cultural activities may protect against cause-specific mortality; however, there is limited knowledge regarding this association. The present study examines the association between participation in a range of receptive and creative cultural activities and risk of cardiovascular disease- and cancer-related mortality. We also examined whether participation in such activities and influence by gender have on this association. We followed 35,902 participants of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3) of Cardiovascular-Disease and Cancer Mortality from 2006–08 to 2016. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate the risk of specific mortality based on baseline cultural participation. During the eight-year follow-up, there were 563 cardiovascular-disease- and 752 cancer-related deaths among the sample (292,416 person years). Risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality was higher among non-participants in associations/club meetings (22%) and outdoor activities (23%), respectively, as well as non-attendees of art exhibitions (28%). People who engaged in music, singing, and theatre had a 27% reduced risk of cancer-related mortality when compared to non-participants. Among women, participating in associations/club meetings reduced the risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality by 36%. Men who participated in music, singing, and theatre had a 33% reduced risk of cancer mortality. Overall, a reduced risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality was associated with engaging in creative activities on weekly basis to less than twice per week. For both genders, participating in creative activities less than once a week reduced cardiovascular-disease mortality risk by 40% and 33%, respectively. For the overall sample, participating > 2 times per week in combined receptive and creative activities reduced cancer-related mortality by 29%. Participating frequently in both receptive and creative activities cultural activities was associated with lower risks of CVD and cancer-related mortality. Our data suggest that, to counteract the public health burden of cardiovascular disease- and cancer mortality, policies and initiatives to increase citizens’ participation in cultural activities should be considered.

ANOMALIES OCCURRING IN CHILDREN EXPOSED IN UTERO TO THE ATOMIC BOMB IN HIROSHIMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
GEORGE PLUMMER
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Direct Irradiation ◽  
Central Nervous System Defects

A study was carried out on 205 4½ year old children who had been exposed to the atomic bomb blast during the first half of intra-uterine life. Eleven were exposed within 1200 meters of the bomb hypocenter, and the remaining 194 were beyond this distance. Seven of these 11 children exposed within 1200 meters had microcephaly with mental retardation. This diagnosis was not made on any of the 194 children exposed at greater distances. Correlation between head size and mental development of the child with distance from the hypocenter, symptoms of radiation effect and type of shielding of the mother is discussed. The conclusion drawn from the present study is that central nervous system defects can be produced in the fetus by atomic bomb radiation, provided that exposure occurs within approximately 1200 meters of the hypocenter and that no effective shielding, such as concrete, protects the fetus from direct irradiation.

Cancer Mortality among Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed In Utero or as Young Children, October 1950-May 1992

1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Delongchamp ◽  
Kiyohiko Mabuchi ◽  
Yasuhiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Dale L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

scholarly journals Solid Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed In Utero or as Young Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Preston ◽  
Harry Cullings ◽  
Akihiko Suyama ◽  
Sachiyo Funamoto ◽  
Nobuo Nishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

scholarly journals Impact of comorbidity assessment methods to predict non-cancer mortality risk in cancer patients: a retrospective observational study using the National Health Insurance Service claims-based data in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
Yoon Jung Chang ◽  
Hyunsoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mortality Risks

Abstract Background Cancer patients’ prognoses are complicated by comorbidities. Prognostic prediction models with inappropriate comorbidity adjustments yield biased survival estimates. However, an appropriate claims-based comorbidity risk assessment method remains unclear. This study aimed to compare methods used to capture comorbidities from claims data and predict non-cancer mortality risks among cancer patients. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database in Korea; 2979 cancer patients diagnosed in 2006 were considered. Claims-based Charlson Comorbidity Index was evaluated according to the various assessment methods: different periods in washout window, lookback, and claim types. The prevalence of comorbidities and associated non-cancer mortality risks were compared. The Cox proportional hazards models considering left-truncation were used to estimate the non-cancer mortality risks. Results The prevalence of peptic ulcer, the most common comorbidity, ranged from 1.5 to 31.0%, and the proportion of patients with ≥1 comorbidity ranged from 4.5 to 58.4%, depending on the assessment methods. Outpatient claims captured 96.9% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, they captured only 65.2% of patients with myocardial infarction. The different assessment methods affected non-cancer mortality risks; for example, the hazard ratios for patients with moderate comorbidity (CCI 3–4) varied from 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6–1.6) to 5.0 (95% CI: 2.7–9.3). Inpatient claims resulted in relatively higher estimates reflective of disease severity. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbidities and associated non-cancer mortality risks varied considerably by the assessment methods. Researchers should understand the complexity of comorbidity assessments in claims-based risk assessment and select an optimal approach.

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