Streamflow modeling and contribution of snow and glacier melt runoff in glacierized Upper Indus Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Gupta ◽  
Anil V. Kulkarni ◽  
Ajay K Taloor
Keyword(s):  
Indus Basin ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Streamflow Modeling

scholarly journals Climatic trends variability and concerning flow regime of Upper Indus Basin, Jehlum, and Kabul river basins Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 447-468
Author(s):  
Yasir Latif ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Weiqiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kabul River

AbstractThe Indus Basin is referred to as a “water tower” which ensures water storage and supply to sustain environmental and human needs downstream by a balanced combination of precipitation, snow, glaciers, and surface water. The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) combines the high mountain ranges of the Hindukush, Karakoram, and Himalaya (HKH); this unique region is largely controlled by seasonal meltwater associated with snow and glacier melt during the summer months. The present study seeks to evaluate changes in hydrological and meteorological variable data collected through a network of 35 hydrometric and 15 climatic stations, respectively, across the UIB, Jehlum, and Kabul river basins in Pakistan. The Innovative Trend Significance Test (ITST) in combination with the Modified-Mann-Kendall (MMK) test was used for seeking trends, while Sen’s method was applied for the slope determination of detected trends over four periods of differing lengths (T1: 1961–2013; T2: 1971–2013; T3: 1981–2013; and T4: 1991–2013). Significant decreases were observed in the mean summer and distinct months of (June–August) temperature (Tmean) at most of the stations during T1, while significant increases were dominant over the shorter T4. The mean precipitation (Pmean) was observed as significantly negative at ten stations during July; however, positive trends were observed in August and September. For streamflow, significantly upward trends were observed for mean summer, June and July flows (snowmelt dominant) during T1 and T2, within the glacier-fed basins of Hunza, Shigar, and Shyok; in contrast, streamflow (glacier melt dominant) decreased significantly in August and September over the most recent period T4. For snow-fed basins, significant increases were observed in summer mean flows at Indus at Kachura, Gilgit at Gilgit, and Alam Bridge, Astore at Doyian during (T1–T3). In particular, a stronger and more prominent signal of decreasing flows was evident in T4 within the predominantly snow-fed basins. This signal was most apparent in summer mean flows, with a large number of stations featuring significant downward trends in Jehlum and Kabul river basins. The present study concludes that the vulnerability of this region related to water stress is becoming more intense due to significantly increased temperature, reduced precipitation, and decreasing summer flows during T4.

Rainfall forecasting in upper Indus basin using various artificial intelligence techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Hamza Salahudin ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Inam Baig ◽  
Mudasser Muneer Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Rainfall Forecasting ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Upper Indus Basin

Hydrograph apportionment of the Chandra River draining from a semi-arid region of the Upper Indus Basin, western Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 146500
Author(s):  
Ajit T. Singh ◽  
C.M. Laluraj ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
B.L. Redkar ◽  
Lavkush Kumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Quanitification of sustainable hydropower potential in the Upper Indus basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanita Dhaubanjar ◽  
Arthur F. Lutz ◽  
David Gernaat ◽  
Santosh Nepal ◽  
Saurav Pradhananga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indus Basin ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Economic Preferences ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Diverse Context

<p>Considering the lack of a comprehensive assessement of hydropower potential in the Upper Indus basin, we developed and implemented a systematic framework to explore four different classes of hydropower potential. Our framework uses high-resolution discharge generated by a coupled cryosphere-hydrology model as the bio-physical boundary conditions to estimate theoretical potential. Thereafter, diverse context-specific constraints are implemented stepwise to estimate the technical, economic and sustainable hydropower potential. The successive classes of hydropower potential integrate considerations for various water demands under the water-energy-food nexus, multiple geo-hazard risks, climate change, environmental protection, and socio-economic preferences. We demonstrate that the nearly two thousand Terawatt-hour of theoretical potential available annualy in the upper Indus can be misleading because a majority of this is technically and economically not viable. Even smaller potential remains if we account for the various sustainability constraints that vary spatially. Our concept of the sustainable hydropower potential enables decision makers to look beyond the energy sector when selecting hydropower projects for development to achieveenergy security under the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7).The generated portfolio of sustainable hydropower projects is superior to the current portfolio based on outdated studies because our method looks beyond theoretical possibilities and excludes projects that conflict with management objectives under other SDGs. The spatial maps with potential and the cost curves for hydropower production provide a science-based knowledge base for hydropower development in the Indus basin. Our method could similarly be adapted to inform hydropower development in other basins across the globe.</p>

scholarly journals Promoting Science-Based Diplomacy in the Upper Indus Basin through a Research Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. E1142-E1147
Author(s):  
Debabrat Sukla ◽  
A. P. Dimri ◽  
Arun Bhakta Shrestha ◽  
F. A. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Indus Basin ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Upper Indus Basin

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis and Simulation of Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Hazard in Hunza and Shyok Basins of Upper Indus Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Naseem Abbas Gilany ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Ejaz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The UIB (Upper Indus Basin) is prone to GLOFs (Glacial Lake Outburst Floods). Physical monitoring of such a large area on regular basis is a challenging task especially when the temporal and spatial extent of the hazard is highly variable. The purpose of this study was to map the potentially dangerous glacial lakes and simulate the associated hazard in the downward settlements using HEC-RAS in the GIS environment using Landsat 7 remote sensing data. The study was conducted in Hunza and Shyok sub-basins of UIB where there are several human settlements which are endangered due to the GLOF hazard. Sudden breaches in the unstable moraine dams adjoining receding glaciers may occur because of rapid and huge accumulation of turbulent water in the glacial lakes. The ASTER DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is utilized to detect flow accumulation of glacial hazard involving slope, elevation, and orientation of the mountain glaciers. The study results revealed that settlements of Hunza and Shyok basins are threatened by the GLOFs hazard. Keeping in view the seasonal growth of the potentially dangerous glacial lakes of Hunza basin, a low discharge of 3500 m3/s from potentially dangerous glacial lake can affect 40 %, whereas, a moderate discharge of 5000 m3/s can affect 60% and a high discharge of 7000 m3/s can affect 80 % of the Shimshal village habitat. In Shyok basin, a low discharge of 100 m3/s from both lakes can affect 20 %, whereas, a moderate discharge of 300 m3/s can affect 30 % and a high discharge of 500 m3/s can affect 40 % of the Barah village habitat. The results of the study can provide a platform for the establishment of an early warning and monitoring system to minimize the impact of future GLOFs. Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of potentially dangerous GLOFs is of utmost importance for risk management. A digital repository of GLOFs can enhance the ability to inform policy makers on the vulnerability, risk mitigation and action/adaptation measures.

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