Performance of cowpea varieties under Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke infestation using biplot analysis

Effect ofAlectra VogeliiandStriga GesnerioidesInfestations on the Grain Mineral Elements' Concentration of Cowpea VarietiesField trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to investigate the effect ofStriga gesnerioidesandAlectra vogeliion the grain mineral elements' concentration of five cowpea varieties at harvest: IT82D-849, IT86D-534, IT89KD-245, KANO 1696 and SAMPEA7. The mineral elements analyzed were: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Obtained data showed that the concentration of most elements was generally reduced in the grains of the cowpea varieties IT82D-849 and IT89KD-245 on bothAlectraandStrigainoculated plots. On the other hand, cowpea varieties KANO1696 and SAMPEA7 showed a tendency towards having increased concentration of about 50% of the element analyzed in each year on bothAlectraandStrigainoculated plots. In both KANO1696 and SAMPEA 7 there was a tendency towards the increase in the grain concentration of Mg and Zn and the decrease in K and Mn onAlectrainoculated plots and the increase in P and Mg but the decrease in Ca and Zn onStrigainoculated plots. The concentration of P in all the varieties in 1999 and 2000 (except IT89KD245 in 2000) was increased onStrigainoculated plots. Also, the concentration of Mg and N was increased in IT82D-849 on bothStrigaandAlectrainoculated plots in 2000. This study showed that,StrigaandAlectrainfestation generally reduced the mineral elements' concentration in the grains of cowpea varieties

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Differential and comparative screening of cowpea varieties to Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke for race specific identification in Burkina Faso

African Crop Science Journal ◽

10.4314/acsj.v29i1.7 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 101-118

Author(s):

P. Sawadogo ◽

T.J. Ouedraogo ◽

Z. Dieni ◽

T.B.J. Batieno ◽

N. Sawadogo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Intraspecific Diversity ◽

Research Station ◽

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Artificial Infestation ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Specific Reactions

Significant efforts have been made to develop cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties resistant to Striga gesnerioides in Burkina Faso. Despite these efforts, the resistant genotypes developed still express differential responses to Striga gesnerioides in different zones of the country. This suggests existence of intraspecific variability within the parasite. The objective of this study was to assess the intraspecific variability of cowpea genotypes to Striga gesnerioides infection in Burkina Faso. Ten cowpea varieties were screened over two consecutive years, under artificial infestation with 30 ecotypes of Striga seeds at Kamboinsé research station, in a screenhouse in Burkina Faso. Cowpea varieties used included Moussa local, Komsaré and KVx404-8-1, which are susceptible to all Striga ecotypes; and varieties B301, IT93K-693-2 and IT82D-849, which are free from all Striga ecotypes infestation. Cowpea varieties Tiligré, 524B, local Gorom and Niizwè had specific reactions depending on the ecotypes. The study highlights the existence of varietal specificities according to the geographical origin of Striga gesnerioides seeds. The structuring of the intraspecific diversity showed five biotypes, of which three were clearly identified as SG1, SG5 and SG Kp races; and two biotypes could not be identified. Although this study did not allow for a clear determination of the racial affiliation of the two new biotypes, it offers the possibility of developing new strategies to control Striga by focusing on the selection of resistant varieties based on regional specificities of Striga races in each agricultural zone.

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Participatory appraisal of production constraints, preferred traits and farming system of cowpea in the northern Namibia: implications for breeding

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v38i5.5952 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lydia Horn ◽

Hussein Shimelis ◽

Mark Laing

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Primary Data ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Leaf Beetles ◽

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Production Constraints ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

White Grain

Cowpea [<italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> (L.) Walp.] productivity is low in the subsistence farming systems due to biotic, abiotic and socio-economic constraints. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’- perceived production constraints, preferred traits and the farming system of cowpea, and its implication for breeding in northern Namibia. A participatory rural appraisal studies was conducted across four selected regions of northern Namibia including Kavango East, Kavango West, Oshikoto and Omusati where the crop is predominantly cultivated. Primary data was collected using structured interviews involving 171 households. Results showed that 70.2% farmers grow local unimproved cowpea varieties and 29.8% used improved varieties either singly or in combination of two or three. About 62.6% of interviewed farmers reported low yields of cowpea varying from 100-599 kg/ha, while 6% achieved good grain harvests of 1500-1999 kg/ha. Most farmers (59.1%) produced cowpea for home consumption, while 23.4% indicated its food and market value. Field pests such as aphids (77.8%), leaf beetles (53.2%) and pod borers (60%) and bruchids (100%) were the major constraints. <italic>Striga gesnerioides</italic> and <italic>Alectra Vogelii</italic> (Benth) were the principal parasitic weeds reported by 79.5% cowpea farmers. Soil fertility levels were reported to be very low across regions and all farmers did not apply any fertilizers on cowpea. Farmers-preferred traits of cowpea included a straight pod shape (61.4%), a long pod size, bearing at least 10 seeds (68.4%), white grain colour (22.2%) and above ground biomass (42.1%). Inter-cropping of cowpea with sorghum or pearl millet was the dominant cowpea farming system in northern Namibia. 68.4% of farmers used a relatively smaller proportion of their land (<1 ha) for cowpea production while only 9.9% allocate more than 5 ha. Breeding for high grain yield and farmers-preferred traits and availability of seed and production input are the most important strategies to increase cowpea production and productivity by subsistence farmers in the northern regions of Namibia.

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EVALUATION MULTI-SITE DE LEFFET DU PARASITISME AU STRIGA GESNERIOIDES (WILLD) VATKE SUR LES TRAITS FONCTIONNELS DES VARIETES DE NIEBE

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 639-649

Author(s):

Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou ◽

◽

Moussa Na Neitoabdoul Rafiou ◽

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Farming Systems ◽

West African ◽

Saturation Curve ◽

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a major legume crop in West African farming systems. Although cowpea is a drought tolerant crop, its production level is very low due to biotic constraints such as Strigagesnerioides parasitism. The present study aims to assess the effect of S. gesnerioides(Willd.) Vatkeon photosynthesis efficiency of cowpea varieties. Multilocal trialwas carried out rural areas during the 2017 rainy season to assess the number of Striga emergence likely to cause a change in photosynthetic efficiency on a panel of 26 cowpea varieties and to determine tolerant varieties. The observations were made on six experimental sites along a south-north climatic gradient representative ofMaradi region agro-ecological zones.The results showed a marked decrease of relative chlorophyll content when the number of visible Strigaemergence exceeded five per plant. Likewise, the LEF * PAR saturation curve is higher when the plants showed no visible attack of Striga. The Striga emergence have declined CRC in varieties CS001 and CS127 and led in rapid saturation in variety CS133.

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Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.80.3.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Om Prakash Yadav ◽

A. K. Razdan ◽

Bupesh Kumar ◽

Praveen Singh ◽

Anjani K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Principal Component Axis ◽

Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

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Appraisal of cowpea cropping systems and farmers’ perceptions of production constraints and preferences in the dry savannah areas of Nigeria

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s43170-021-00046-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saba Baba Mohammed ◽

Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo ◽

Muhammad Lawan Umar ◽

Mohammad Faguji Ishiyaku ◽

Pangirayi Bernard Tongoona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

High Yield ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Production Constraints ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Sole Cropping

Abstract Background Low plant density and wide intra-plant spacing in traditional cowpea cropping systems are among the factors responsible for low yield on farmers’ fields. Sole cropping and improved intercropping systems have been advocated in the last few years to increase yield in the dry savannah areas of Nigeria. This study investigated the level of adoption of high yielding cowpea cropping systems including factors that influenced their use and farmers’ perceived production constraints and preferences. A total of 420 farmers across 36 villages of northern Nigeria were interviewed, and data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics to appraise farmers predominant cowpea cropping systems and factors that determine the use of sole versus intercropping were identified with the aid of binary logit regression. Furthermore, pairwise comparison ranking was deployed to understand farmers’ view of cowpea production constraints and preferred traits. Results The results revealed that, many of the farmers (42%) still grow cowpeas in the traditional intercropping and a good number (25%) cultivate the crop as a sole crop, while 23% had fields of cowpeas in both sole and intercropping systems. Farmers reported the incidence of high insect pests, limited access to land, desire to have multiple benefits, and assurance in the event of crop failure as reasons for preference for intercropping over sole planting. The pairwise comparison ranking of constraints and preferences revealed insect pests, Striga, drought and poor access to fertilizers as major constraints to increased productivity. Many farmers indicated high yield as the most preferred trait. Conclusions Findings indicate a need for increased education and training of cowpea farmers on the importance of growing cowpeas in sole cropping and or improved intercropping systems. Genetic improvement efforts should focus on developing cowpea varieties that address farmers production constraints and reflect the diversity of consumers’ preferences for the crop. Hence, breeding for resistance to insect pests and high yield is recommended as an important priority of cowpea breeding programmes in the region.

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