Participatory appraisal of production constraints, preferred traits and farming system of cowpea in the northern Namibia: implications for breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Horn ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
White Grain

Cowpea [<italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> (L.) Walp.] productivity is low in the subsistence farming systems due to biotic, abiotic and socio-economic constraints. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’- perceived production constraints, preferred traits and the farming system of cowpea, and its implication for breeding in northern Namibia. A participatory rural appraisal studies was conducted across four selected regions of northern Namibia including Kavango East, Kavango West, Oshikoto and Omusati where the crop is predominantly cultivated. Primary data was collected using structured interviews involving 171 households. Results showed that 70.2% farmers grow local unimproved cowpea varieties and 29.8% used improved varieties either singly or in combination of two or three. About 62.6% of interviewed farmers reported low yields of cowpea varying from 100-599 kg/ha, while 6% achieved good grain harvests of 1500-1999 kg/ha. Most farmers (59.1%) produced cowpea for home consumption, while 23.4% indicated its food and market value. Field pests such as aphids (77.8%), leaf beetles (53.2%) and pod borers (60%) and bruchids (100%) were the major constraints. <italic>Striga gesnerioides</italic> and <italic>Alectra Vogelii</italic> (Benth) were the principal parasitic weeds reported by 79.5% cowpea farmers. Soil fertility levels were reported to be very low across regions and all farmers did not apply any fertilizers on cowpea. Farmers-preferred traits of cowpea included a straight pod shape (61.4%), a long pod size, bearing at least 10 seeds (68.4%), white grain colour (22.2%) and above ground biomass (42.1%). Inter-cropping of cowpea with sorghum or pearl millet was the dominant cowpea farming system in northern Namibia. 68.4% of farmers used a relatively smaller proportion of their land (<1 ha) for cowpea production while only 9.9% allocate more than 5 ha. Breeding for high grain yield and farmers-preferred traits and availability of seed and production input are the most important strategies to increase cowpea production and productivity by subsistence farmers in the northern regions of Namibia.

scholarly journals Analisis Keunggulan Kompetitif Ubikayu terhadap Jagung dan Kedelai di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Robet - Asnawi ◽  
Made Jana Mejaya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Price ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Structured Interviews

Cassava is a major food crops which widely developed in Lampung province, it caused   high adaptability, easily cultivated, smallest risk of failure, and high price. The study was objective to analyze competitive advantage of casava farming system compared to  maize and soybean farming system. The activity were conducted at Central Lampung regency from April 2012 to February 2013. The primary data were obtained from respondents with sample of 90 farmers, using survey methods with structured interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from the office of relevant agencies and BPS Lampung. Data analysis were financial analysis and competitive advantage analysis. The results showed that cassava farming more profitable than maize and soybean farming system  income Rp.21.109.000/ha and R/C of 2,91 compared to corn farming income Rp.15.935.000 and R/C of 2,01 and soybean farming income Rp.5.187.800/ha and R/C of 1,48.  Cassava farming system will be competitive compared corn and soybeans farming on the productivity levels at least 34.567 kg/ha and 20,788 kg/ha and cassava price at least IDR 654/kg and IDR 394/kg.

scholarly journals Assessing Sustainability of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in Indonesia: A Case Study Using the FAO SAFA Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwi Gayatri ◽  
Vincent Gasso-tortajada ◽  
Mette Vaarst
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
National Goal ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Lack Of Information

<span lang="EN-US">This article aims to assess the sustainability of smallholder beef cattle farms in Indonesia, where there is a national goal to improve the country’s beef self-sufficiency, and to explore and discuss potential improvement limitations and solutions. This article presents a sustainability assessment based on the FAO SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems) of six selected family farms representing three types of family farming systems (with only family labour; with hired labour; and with hired labour and a 'middleman in marketing system'). Individual structured interviews based on the SAFA guidelines were conducted and the results analysed with the <em>SAFA Tool</em> software. The results showed that the SAFA sustainability performance generally scored better in the farming system with relatively more resources and hired labour, and the household head also working as middleman, as compared to the other two farming systems with some or no hired labour. These results indicate that the larger room for sustainability improvement relies in the farming systems with only family labour. Lack of information, training and economical resources showed to be two main drivers that explain part of these differences. These results suggest that the government’s role in increasing awareness, providing information and training and facilitating sustainable development practices is critical.</span>

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Households’ Resilience to Livelihood Insecurity in Goncha District, Northwest Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Debie ◽  
Amare Wubishet Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Productive Assets

Poor households are more likely less resilient under climate change, risks of productive assets, social-related shocks, and decline of land productivity. The ability to deal with household resilience against poverty under the uncertain condition of risk is limited in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study aims to identify determinants of household resilience to livelihood insecurity under the crop-livestock mixed farming systems in Goncha district, Northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Primary data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews among 280 households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test and structural equation modeling were used to analyse the data. The results disclosed that sustainable management of the farming systems, cultivation of more fertile farmland, saving performance, diversification of income-earning activities, intensification of livestock husbandry practices, access to irrigation, and familiarity with practical technologies were found to be significant determinants at p&lt;0.001 to household resilience of smallholder farmers. Social network development and tree plantation were explained household resilience to livelihood insecurity at P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.1 significant levels, respectively. The study concluded that scaling up sustainable management of the farming system and practical technologies, enhancing saving behavior, promoting income diversification, and intensifying agroforestry are significant for household resilience to livelihood insecurity of smallholders across agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Penilaian Keberlanjutan Sistem Usaha Kentang dengan Kriteria Multidimensi: Studi Kasus di Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Wonosobo

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari ◽  
Rima Setiani ◽  
Budi Marwoto ◽  
Jawal Anwarudinsyah ◽  
Sulusi Prabawati
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Training Community ◽  
System Sustainability

<strong>English</strong><br />Potato farming systems face stiff changes in strategic environment that is adherence to the sustainable agriculture protocols. This study aims to introduce a practical methodology for assessing multidimension sustainability of potato farming system and its application in some villages in Dieng Plateau, Wonosobo. Primary data obtained by interviewing farmers, extension agents, Regional Agricultural Service officials, seed producers and related stakeholders in October-December 2018. The research used the Rapfish method with multidimensional scaling approach. Research showed that the most sensitive attributes of potato farming system sustainability were mulch, fertilizer and organic utilization, and rotation for ecological dimension; farm production inputs, capital and labor for economic dimension; training, community perception and knowledge on sustainable agriculture, extension institution existence and functions for social-cultural dimension; extension effectiveness, interinstitutional coordination, and farmers’ group effectiveness for law and institution dimension; and irrigation and application of harvest and post-harvest technology for technology dimension. Less sustainable potato farming systems were found in three villages and sufficient sustainable categories were found in 15 villages. Sustainable potato farming system program in Dieng Plateau should be focused on villages with less sustainable categories and on the sensitive attributes. Further research is needed to rigorously review the methodology both theoretically and empirically.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Usaha tani kentang menghadapi perubahan lingkungan strategis yang menuntut mematuhi protokol pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan metode penilaian keberkelanjutan sistem usaha tani kentang multidimensi dan menerapkannya di beberapa desa di Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Wonosobo. Data yang digunakan ialah data primer hasil wawancara terhadap petani, penyuluh, staf Dinas Pertanian, penangkar benih dan stakeholder terkait pada Oktober-Desember 2018. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rapfish dengan pendekatan multidimensional scaling. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atribut yang paling sensitif mempengaruhi keberlanjutan sistem usaha tani kentang adalah mulsa, penggunaan pupuk dan bahan organik serta rotasi untuk dimensi ekologi; sarana produksi pertanian, kapital, dan tenaga kerja untuk dimensi ekonomi; pelatihan, persepsi dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pertanian berkelanjutan, keberadaan dan fungsi kelembagaan penyuluhan untuk dimensi sosial budaya, efektifitas lembaga penyuluhan, koordinasi antar lembaga dan efektifitas kelompok tani untuk dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan; serta irigasi dan penggunaan teknologi panen dan pascapanen untuk dimensi teknologi. Sistem usaha tani kentang kurang berkelanjutan ditemukan di tiga desa, sementara di 15 desa lainnya termasuk cukup berkelanjutan. Pengembangan sistem usaha kentang di dataran tinggi Dieng sebaiknya difokuskan di desa-desa dengan kategori kurang berkelanjutan dan diarahkan pada atribut-atribut yang sensitif. Penelitian lanjutan lebih mendalam diperlukan untuk menguji ulang metode yang digunakan baik secara teoretis maupun empiris.

scholarly journals Ethnoecology of paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) in Lampegan Village, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
IIK NURUL FATIMAH ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
Ruhyat Partasasmita
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
West Java ◽  
Rice Fish

Abstract. Fatimah IN, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnoecology of paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) in Lampegan Village, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4419-4432. In the past, the traditional paddy-fish integrative farming (minapadi) was predominantly undertaken by rice farmers in West Java, particularly in the water abundant areas. Currently, however, the practice of the rice-fish system has been dramatically reduced due to the Green Revolution programs, including water pollution that may have affected fish farming in paddy fields. Although the rice-fish systems have rarely been practiced in West Java villages, some farmer groups of Lampegan Village, Ibun Sub-district, Bandung District are still practicing the rice-fish farming system. The purpose of this study is to collect and document the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of Lampegan Village about the rice-fish system farming managements, including data on various fish species that are widely cultivated in the community, cultural practices of the rice-fish farming management, and benefits of the rice-fish farming system. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used, with an ethnoecological approach. Techniques of data collection, such as observation, semi-structured interviews, or deep interviews, and structured interviews were employed in this study. The results of the study show that the farmers of the rice-fish farming in Lampegan Village, Bandung District own rich and deep knowledge of fish species and practice of the minapadi system. The TEK of the rice-fish farming management system has been inherited from ancestors and is mixed with western scientific knowledge. The rice-fish farming systems have provided some ecological and socio-economic benefits for village people.

scholarly journals Characterization of rice farming systems, production constraints and determinants of adoption of improved varieties by smallholder farmers of the Republic of Benin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yêyinou Laura Estelle LOKO ◽  
Charlemagne D.S.J. GBEMAVO ◽  
Gustave DJEDATIN ◽  
Eben-Ezer EWEDJE ◽  
Azize OROBIYI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Livestock Farming System ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The Republic of Benin has the potential to reduce its heavy dependence on rice imports to meet the needs of its population. For that, the identification of technological and policy interventions allowing to improve the performance of Beninese rice systems is necessary. This study therefore characterized the Beninese rice farming systems and identified the production constraints in the country's different rice-growing areas, and determinants of the adoption of improved varieties by farmers. Four hundred eighteen rice farm households were surveyed across 39 villages using participatory research tools and methods. An hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify the surveyed farm households into rice farming systems based on household socio-demographic characteristics, farm resources, farming practices and access to agricultural extension services. The cluster analysis revealed four typologies of rice farming systems differentiated by 8 variables. These are, the semi-intensive rice farming system (cluster 1), subsistence rice farming (cluster 2), integrated rice–livestock farming system (cluster 3), and intensive rice farming system (cluster 4). The integrated rice–livestock farming system was the dominant type practiced in the northern Benin, while, it is the intensive rice farming system in the south. Fifteen production constraints across rice-growing areas were recorded, with the lack of agricultural machinery and credits as the most important. The land ownership, risk aversion, production of off-season rice, and contact of farmers with non-governmental organizations positively influenced the adoption of improved rice varieties. Our results suggest that initiatives to boost rice production in Republic of Benin should prioritize the establishment of formal agricultural credit and mechanization option policies. We recommend training of rice farmers on modern production techniques. To increase adoption of improved rice varieties, agricultural extension services should target landowners’ farmers practising off-season rice production, and having in addition to agricultural income, other income from various activities.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Decision to Adopt Organic Rice Farming in Pringkasap Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Cahyaningsih Cahyaningsih ◽  
Suprehatin Suprehatin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Organic Farmers

Organic farming is not the only potential solutions to overcome the problems of conventional farming systems by offering positive impacts on health and environment but also to fulfill the growing demand for healthier food. However, the growing demand for organic food was not responded simultaneously by an increase in the supply of organic food. This means that there is opportunity to increase participation of farmers to adopt organic rice farming systems. This study aims to analyze the adoption rate and factors affecting farmer adoption of organic rice farming system. This study used primary data of 32 organic and conventional farmers in Pringkasap Village Subang Regency. The respondents were chosen using census method for organic farmers and purposive sampling for conventional farmers.The data was analyzed used descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results showed that the number of farmers adopted organic rice only 6.25% amongst the 265 rice farmers in Pringkasap Village. The results also showed that education, farmed land, farmer’s perception of the relative advantage of organic farming and number of family members are factors that significantly affect the adoption of organic rice farming in Pringkasap Village.

Resource Use Pattern of different Crops Under Existing Farming Systems in Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 330-335
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Very High

The present study was carried out to monitor and assess the present scenario of resource use pattern in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. The study was based on the primary data collected from 160 sample households. Stratified two-stage random sampling technique was employed for selecting the sample households. In the present investigation, income approach was used for the identification of farming systems. The nomenclature of the farming system derived its name from the farming component that contributed maximum share to the farm family income. In the case of land use pattern, the Cultivated Land Utilisation Index (CLUI) indicated that the area under different crops was not properly used and a portion was kept fallow. Regarding the resource use pattern in different crops, the negative gap was observed in existing seed use pattern for various crops which indicated that growers were using very high seed rate on their farms due to poor germination by lacking the irrigation facilities. In the case of fertilisers application, positive gap was observed. The gap indicated that farmers were applying very less fertilisers as compared to recommend dose due to non-availability of credit and lack of awareness regarding nutrients.

scholarly journals "Comparative Economics of Zero Budget Natural Farming with Conventional Farming Systems in Northern Dry Zone (Zone-3) of Karnataka"

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babalad, H.B.,
Keyword(s):  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Comparative Economics ◽  
Natural Farming ◽  
The Cost

The present study was initiated during 2019-20 to illustrate the comparison between zero budget natural farming and conventional farming systems in terms of the economics of selected major crops cultivated under ZBNF system in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. In order to identify main differences between natural and conventional farming practices, descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the primary data collected from 80 farmers across the 8 districts of the northern dry zone of Karnataka. The study was planned to highlight the main characteristics of those two systems to address the differences in cost and returns. The results revealed that the total cost under ZBNF was observed to be lower than the conventional farming system. The average yield realized under ZBNF system was slightly lower than a conventional farming system in all the crops except foxtail millet. This is clearly indicated that the ZBNF system was performed well in millets cultivation under the rainfed situation. And around 92 percent of the farmers experienced that, the cost of cultivation under ZBNF was minimized. Further, the study highlighted a statistically significant difference between ZBNF and conventional yield levels, cost of cultivation, and income at multiple locations. According to the ’farmer’s opinion, most farmers opined that the pest and disease were unable to manage in ZBNF.

Appraisal of common bean farming systems under angular leaf spot disease prone environments of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Mongi ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Julia Sibiya
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Pseudocercospora Griseola ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Angular leaf spot caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is the most destructive disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania (SHT). The objectives of this study were to assess the farming system and farmers awareness in the ALS disease prone environments of the SHT. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from 238 respondents sampled from Mbeya, Njombe, Iringa and Rukwa regions. Data collected included population demography, production constraints, and indicators of poverty. The results showed that ALS widely occurred in the SHT but farmers were not aware of the disease and sources of inocula. Most of the respondents were poor with average yields of less than 500 kg ha-1. Lack of knowledge on ALS disease and the presence of favorable environmental conditions increased chances of P. griseola proliferation. Therefore, trainings on awareness and intensification of extension services is important. Breeding for durable resistance is an overriding consideration towards increasing bean productivity in the SHT.

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