EVALUATION MULTI-SITE DE LEFFET DU PARASITISME AU STRIGA GESNERIOIDES (WILLD) VATKE SUR LES TRAITS FONCTIONNELS DES VARIETES DE NIEBE

Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a major legume crop in West African farming systems. Although cowpea is a drought tolerant crop, its production level is very low due to biotic constraints such as Strigagesnerioides parasitism. The present study aims to assess the effect of S. gesnerioides(Willd.) Vatkeon photosynthesis efficiency of cowpea varieties. Multilocal trialwas carried out rural areas during the 2017 rainy season to assess the number of Striga emergence likely to cause a change in photosynthetic efficiency on a panel of 26 cowpea varieties and to determine tolerant varieties. The observations were made on six experimental sites along a south-north climatic gradient representative ofMaradi region agro-ecological zones.The results showed a marked decrease of relative chlorophyll content when the number of visible Strigaemergence exceeded five per plant. Likewise, the LEF * PAR saturation curve is higher when the plants showed no visible attack of Striga. The Striga emergence have declined CRC in varieties CS001 and CS127 and led in rapid saturation in variety CS133.

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Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm lines for tolerance to drought

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262112000214 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christian A. Fatokun ◽

Ousmane Boukar ◽

Satoru Muranaka

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Grain Legume ◽

International Institute ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Sub Saharan

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where, on a worldwide basis, the bulk is produced and consumed. The dry savanna area of SSA is where cowpea is mostly grown under rain-fed conditions. The crop is therefore prone to drought which may occur early, mid and/or late in the cropping season. Compared with many other crops, cowpea is drought tolerant, even though drought is still a major constraint limiting its productivity in SSA. Increasing the level of drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties grown by farmers would enable them to obtain more and stable yield from their cowpea fields. As a first step towards enhancing drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties, 1288 lines were selected randomly from cowpea germplasm collections maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and evaluated for their drought tolerance at Ibadan. Drought was imposed by withdrawal of irrigation from 5 weeks after sowing. On average, drought reduced the number of days to flower by 12 d, and the mean grain yield per plant was also reduced by 67.28%. A few of the cowpea lines stayed green for up to 6 weeks after irrigation was stopped, even though some of these produced no pods when the study was terminated. Further evaluation in the screenhouse of 142 selected drought-tolerant lines helped to identify six lines that could be potential parents for developing breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance.

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Participatory appraisal of production constraints, preferred traits and farming system of cowpea in the northern Namibia: implications for breeding

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v38i5.5952 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lydia Horn ◽

Hussein Shimelis ◽

Mark Laing

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Primary Data ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Leaf Beetles ◽

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Production Constraints ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

White Grain

Cowpea [<italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> (L.) Walp.] productivity is low in the subsistence farming systems due to biotic, abiotic and socio-economic constraints. The objective of this study was to assess farmers’- perceived production constraints, preferred traits and the farming system of cowpea, and its implication for breeding in northern Namibia. A participatory rural appraisal studies was conducted across four selected regions of northern Namibia including Kavango East, Kavango West, Oshikoto and Omusati where the crop is predominantly cultivated. Primary data was collected using structured interviews involving 171 households. Results showed that 70.2% farmers grow local unimproved cowpea varieties and 29.8% used improved varieties either singly or in combination of two or three. About 62.6% of interviewed farmers reported low yields of cowpea varying from 100-599 kg/ha, while 6% achieved good grain harvests of 1500-1999 kg/ha. Most farmers (59.1%) produced cowpea for home consumption, while 23.4% indicated its food and market value. Field pests such as aphids (77.8%), leaf beetles (53.2%) and pod borers (60%) and bruchids (100%) were the major constraints. <italic>Striga gesnerioides</italic> and <italic>Alectra Vogelii</italic> (Benth) were the principal parasitic weeds reported by 79.5% cowpea farmers. Soil fertility levels were reported to be very low across regions and all farmers did not apply any fertilizers on cowpea. Farmers-preferred traits of cowpea included a straight pod shape (61.4%), a long pod size, bearing at least 10 seeds (68.4%), white grain colour (22.2%) and above ground biomass (42.1%). Inter-cropping of cowpea with sorghum or pearl millet was the dominant cowpea farming system in northern Namibia. 68.4% of farmers used a relatively smaller proportion of their land (<1 ha) for cowpea production while only 9.9% allocate more than 5 ha. Breeding for high grain yield and farmers-preferred traits and availability of seed and production input are the most important strategies to increase cowpea production and productivity by subsistence farmers in the northern regions of Namibia.

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Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.95.78-81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (95) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

L.I. Shkarivska

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Humus Content ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

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Homegarden agroecosystems managed by Salar people on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.1186/s13002-021-00448-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingjing Zhu ◽

Binsheng Luo ◽

Ben La ◽

Ruijie Chen ◽

Fenggui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Production Systems ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Services Research ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background Salar is a Turkic-speaking Islamic ethnic group in China living mainly in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County (Xunhua or Xunhua County), Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Salar people are skilled in horticulture and their homegarden (HG) management. They are regarded as the first people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to practice horticulture, especially manage their HGs, traditional farming systems, and supplementary food production systems. Traditional knowledge of Salar people associated with their HGs always contributes significantly to the local livelihood, food security, ornamental value, and biodiversity conservation. The cultivation of different plants in HGs for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in China’s rural areas, especially in some mountainous areas. However, Salar traditional HGs have not been described. The present paper aims to report the features of Salar HGs mostly based on agrobiodiversity and its ecosystem services. Methods The methods used in this work included semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. A total of 60 households in three townships, 9 villages were surveyed. There are 4–12 family members in each household, aged from 20 to 86 years old. The homestead size is between 200 and 1200 m2. Plant species cultivated in Salar HGs were identified according to Flora of China. Based on a comprehensive survey of Salar HGs and related to background data, we identified and characterized the most important services and functions provided by Salar HGs. Results According to primary production systems, there are 4 different types of Salar HGs, including ornamental focus, product focus, dual-purpose and multi-purpose. In total, 108 (excluding weeds and bonsai) plant species were recorded in Salar HGs, within 43 plant families. The most important and frequently used plants are Rosa chinensis, Armeniaca vulgar, Prunus salicina, and Ziziphus jujuba. About 4 to 32 plant species were recorded in each homegarden. We found that the Salar HGs, as a typical agroecosyste, prossess multiple servcices and functions that directly benefit households according to the field investigation. Conclusion This paper reveals the floristic diversity of Salar HGs. It presents useful information in the homegarden agroecosystem of Salar people, such as HG types and species diversity in Salar HGs. Ecosystem functions and services research suggested that the Salar HG agroecosystem provides agroecosystem services mainly related to supply and culture services. Salar HGs are important as food supplement resources, aesthetics symbol, and cultural spaces.

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Genetic diversity of the Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) as assessed by SSR markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g11-056 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 898-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. Somta ◽

S. Chankaew ◽

O. Rungnoi ◽

P. Srinives

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

West African ◽

Azuki Bean ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

East African ◽

The West ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Population Structure Analysis

Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important African legume crop. In this study, a collection consisting of 240 accessions was analyzed using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 166 alleles were detected, with a mean of 7.59 alleles per locus. Allelic and gene diversities were higher in the west African and Cameroon/Nigeria regions with 6.68 and 6.18 alleles per locus, and 0.601 and 0.571, respectively. The genetic distance showed high similarity between west African and Cameroon/Nigeria accessions. Principal coordinate analyses and neighbor-joining analysis consistently revealed that the majority of west African accessions were grouped with Cameroon/Nigeria accessions, but they were differentiated from east African, central African, and southeast Asian accessions. Population structure analysis showed that two subpopulations existed, and most of the east African accessions were restricted to one subpopulation with some Cameroon/Nigeria accessions, whereas most of the west African accessions were associated with most of the Cameroon/Nigeria accessions in the other subpopulation. Comparison with SSR analysis of other Vigna cultigens, i.e., cultivated azuki bean ( Vigna angularis ) and mungbean ( Vigna radiata ), reveals that the mean gene diversity of Bambara groundnut was lower than azuki bean but higher than mungbean.

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BOVISOL Project: Breeding and Management Practices of Indigenous Bovine Breeds: Solutions towards a Sustainable Future

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12239891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 9891

Author(s):

Sofiane Boudalia ◽

Samia Ben Said ◽

Dimitrios Tsiokos ◽

Aissam Bousbia ◽

Yassine Gueroui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

National Level ◽

Farming Systems ◽

World Population ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Slow Food ◽

Sustainable Future ◽

Mediterranean Countries

In order to deal with the effects of globalization, urbanization, increase in world population, global warming, and climate change; and according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 targets, which aim to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, it is urgently needed to transform our agriculture and livestock farming systems by taking into account the environmental considerations. The Breeding and management practices of indigenous bovine breeds: Solutions towards a sustainable future (BOVISOL) project is a scientific cooperation between three Mediterranean countries (Greece, Tunisia and Algeria) supported and funded by the European Commission under the European Research Area Networks (ERA-NET) scheme of the 7th Framework Programme. This project has been formed around the hypothesis that the local bovine breeds must be preserved since they possess a valuable genetic pool, and they are a part of the landscape and the biodiversity of rural areas. Moreover, their products (milk, cheese, meat, etc.) could contribute significantly to the local economies as they could easily be associated with recent food trends like “local” and “slow food”, which are considered today, as, not only a mean of nutrition, but also a way of living and a part of people’s identity. BOVISOL project aims to: (i) identify the local breeds and populations in a national level, (ii) describe the existing farm and breeding practices, (iii) analyze the quality of the main local animal products, (iv) propose solutions that will promote the sustainability of the traditional farming systems, especially nowadays that climate change proposes new challenges on animal production, and (v) disseminate the solutions on all the levels of the sector (farmers, scientists, local communities, governmental agencies).

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Performance of cowpea varieties under Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke infestation using biplot analysis

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-017-2034-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 213 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Lucky O. Omoigui ◽

Alpha Y. Kamara ◽

Hakeem A. Ajeigbe ◽

Richard O. Akinwale ◽

Michael P. Timko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Cowpea Varieties

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Energy Engineering Approach for Rural Areas Cattle Farmers in Bangladesh to Reduce COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8609

Author(s):

Mohammad Nur-E-Alam ◽

Mohammad Nasirul Hoque ◽

Soyed Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Khairul Basher ◽

Narottam Das

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Power Generation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Film Coating ◽

Thin Film Coating ◽

Medium Scale ◽

Hybrid Power ◽

Cattle Farming

This paper reports on the optimization of thin-film coating-assisted, self-sustainable, off-grid hybrid power generation systems for cattle farming in rural areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country with declining rates of poverty among its 160 million people due to persistent economic growth in conjunction with balanced agricultural improvements. Most of the rural households adopt a mixed farming system by cultivating crops and simultaneously rearing livestock. Among the animals raised, cattle are considered as the most valuable asset for the small-/medium-scale farmers in terms of their meat and milk production. Currently, along with the major health issue, the COVID-19 pandemic is hindering the world’s economic growth and has thrust millions into unemployment; Bangladesh is also in this loop. However, natural disasters such as COVID-19 pandemic and floods, largely constrain rural smallholder cattle farmers from climbing out of their poverty. In particular, small- and medium-scale cattle farmers face many issues that obstruct them from taking advantage of market opportunities and imposing a greater burden on their families and incomes. An appropriate measure can give a way to make those cattle farmers’ businesses both profitable and sustainable. Optimization of thin-film coating-assisted, self-sustainable, off-grid hybrid power generation system for cattle farming is a new and forward-looking approach for sustainable development of the livestock sector. In this study, we design and optimize a thin-film coating-assisted hybrid (photovoltaic battery generator) power system by using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER, Version 3.14.0) simulation tool. An analysis of the results has suggested that the off-grid hybrid system is more feasible for small- and medium-scale cattle farming systems with long-term sustainability to overcome the significant challenges faced by smallholder cattle farmers in Bangladesh.

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Differences in the susceptibility of seeds of selected varieties of cowpea to Bruchidius atrolineatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300034349 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T.I. Ofuya ◽

P.F. Credland

Keyword(s):

Adult Emergence ◽

Life Time ◽

West African ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Bruchidius Atrolineatus ◽

West African Sahel ◽

Protein Rich

AbstractThe bruchid Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) causes significant damage to the stored protein rich seeds of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, in the West African Sahel. Twenty varieties of cowpea were evaluated for susceptibility to attack by B. atrolineatus in the laboratory. The bruchid showed differential response to the seeds in terms of developmental period, percentage adult emergence, seed weight loss due to feeding by one larva, adult weight at emergence and life-time fecundity of females reared from them. Based on these criteria, IT85F-2205 and IT84S-275-9 were the least susceptible varieties. The development of B. atrolineatus was most significantly delayed in these varieties. The beetle larvae consumed less of their seed material and adults reared from them were smallest and least fecund. The varieties IT87S-1393, IT90K-391 and IT84D-460 also had relatively lower susceptibility to the beetle than others. In a no-choice oviposition experiment, B. atrolineatus females laid equally on all varieties. Percentage egg hatch on the different cowpea varieties did not differ significantly. The results are discussed in relation to previous reports on susceptibility of cowpea and other legumes to bruchids.

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