Hybrid seed set in wheat is a complex trait but can be improved indirectly by selection for male floral traits

Although interspecific competition for pollination is hypothesized to result in divergence in floral traits (i.e., character displacement), few studies have tested whether selection on these traits differs in the presence and absence of a competitor for pollination. We measured phenotypic selection on floral traits of Lobelia siphilitica L. growing in the presence and absence of Mimulus ringens L., a potential competitor for pollination. Because L. siphilitica is gynodioecious, we estimated selection separately for female and hermaphrodite plants. The presence of M. ringens did not decrease seed set of L. siphilitica. However, the presence of M. ringens did affect selection on daily display size of female L. siphilitica; there was significant selection for smaller daily displays in the absence of M. ringens, but nonsignificant selection for larger displays in the presence of M. ringens. In addition, selection on flower colour did not differ in the presence and absence of M. ringens, but did differ between female and hermaphrodite L. siphilitica. Consequently, our results suggest that the evolution of floral traits in L. siphilitica, but not the evolution of sexual dimorphism in these traits, can be affected by interactions for pollination with M. ringens.

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Study on floral traits and seed setting in parental lines of hybrid rice during early ahu and kharif seasons

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.78.3.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aradhana Phukan ◽

P. K. Barua ◽

D. Sarma ◽

S. D. Deka

Keyword(s):

Seed Set ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Pollen Dispersal ◽

Pollen Sterility ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Opening Angle ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Seed Setting ◽

Parental Lines

Two CMS lines, IR 58025A and IR 68888A along with their maintainers and two fertility restorers, LuitR and IR 36R, were evaluated for flower and plant characters during early ahu (February-June) and kharif (July-November) seasons. IR 58025A showed longer stigmata and styles, and higher spikelet Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio while IR 68888A showed broader stigmata and wider glume opening angle in both the seasons. IR 68888A also exhibited higher pollen sterility during early ahu. IR 36R was characterized with broad anthers. LuitR showed longer and broader anthers with more pollen than others. Plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and area were higher in IR 36R. Panicle exsertion was complete in pollen parents whereas it was 78-80% in CMS lines. The widest flag leaf angle was found in IR 58025B during early Ahu and in IR 36R during kharif. Kharif season was more favourable for growth of the plants with higher seed set percentage while floral traits of the CMS lines were better expressed in early Ahu. Manipulation of the seeding sequence of the parental lines in early Ahu is warranted for better seed set provided the seed crop escapes heavy premonsoon showers during reproductive stage. IR 68888A/LuitR was a good combination for pollen dispersal and seed setting.

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CORRELATED RESPONSE IN BROWN SARSON

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g70-114 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 905-913 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Swamy Rao

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Seed Set ◽

Previous History ◽

The Self ◽

Correlated Response ◽

History Of ◽

Self Compatibility ◽

Selection For ◽

Direction Opposite ◽

Brown Sarson

The correlated response with changes in self-compatibility in three varieties of brown sarson subjected to gamma irradiation was examined. Selection for improved seed set in the irradiated populations showed that substantial correlated response can result for a constellation of other characters in which the self-compatible and self-incompatible forms differ. The correlated response was in a direction opposite to that of the previous history of selection.

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SELECTION FOR SEED SET IN NONINBRED AND PARTLY INBRED POPULATIONS OF ALFALFA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps77-126 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 873-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. MICHAUD ◽

T. H. BUSBICE

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Seed Set ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Seed Setting ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Selection For ◽

Inbred Populations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Advanced Generation ◽

Coefficient Of Inbreeding

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a highly heterozygous cross-pollinating species, and most breeding efforts have been conducted on noninbred populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater breeding progress could be made by selecting within partly inbred populations rather than within noninbred ones. One hundred and twenty F1 (noninbred) and 120 S1 (partly inbred) plants that were issued from crossing and selfing four alfalfa clones were evaluated for self-fertility. The most self-fertile 10% of the plants from each family were selected in each population. The selected plants within each level of inbreeding were intercrossed to produce an advanced generation in which the effectiveness of the selection was evaluated. Selection increased both self- and cross-fertility in the advanced generation. Selection was more effective at the F1 level than at the S1 level. Fertility was reduced drastically by inbreeding. The average self-fertility of the S1’s was only about 7% of the cross-fertility of their parental clones. An exponential model was proposed to describe the relationship between seed setting and the coefficient of inbreeding in the developing zygote. This model explained 95% of the variation among 11 unselected populations having differing levels of inbreeding.

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Cytogenetics of fertility improvement in artificial autotetraploids of Hyoscyamus niger L.

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-030 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 190-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

U. C. Lavania ◽

Sangeeta Srivastava ◽

J. Sybenga

Keyword(s):

Seed Set ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Tropane Alkaloid ◽

High Fertility ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Seed Fertility ◽

Solanaceous Species ◽

Selection For ◽

Quadrivalent Frequency ◽

Fertility Selection

Genetically stable artificial autotetraploids with over 90% seed set were obtained by colchicine treatment of the solanaceous species Hyoscyamus niger L. (4x = 68). The tetraploids were vigorous and had earlier been shown to yield considerably more tropane alkaloid per individual than the source diploids. The tetraploids had high bivalent frequencies at meiosis, and high fertility as a result of the formation of genetically balanced gametes. There was a systematic and significant decrease in quadrivalent frequency and an increase in bivalent frequency in three subsequent generations tested (C0, C1, C2). Possible causes of high bivalent frequency are discussed. Seed fertility can probably be increased in advanced generations by further selection for fertility and maximization of heterozygosity.Key words: Hyoscyamus niger, autotetraploid, meiosis, bivalents, fertility, selection.

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Cross-incompatibility of common wheat with rye: effect of varying the day of pollination on seed set and development

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b78-364 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (23) ◽

pp. 3000-3007 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julian B. Thomas ◽

R. Glenn Anderson

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Seed Set ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Intergeneric Cross ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Wheat Spike

Varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of low wheat–rye crossability showed increased seed set if pollinated with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) before the wheat spike attained maximum receptivity to wheat pollen (before the stage of first anthesis). After first anthesis the development of hybrid seed progressively deteriorated with increasing lateness of pollination. Premature or 'bud' pollination may be a useful approach for overcoming intergeneric cross-incompatibility barriers in the Triticineae.

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The effect of rye genotype on wheat–rye crossability and on the development of F1 seed

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g83-098 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 668-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Graham J. Scoles

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Seed Set ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Secale Cereale L

Five inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) and an open-pollinated rye cultivar were used to pollinate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of differeing crossability. No hybrid seed was produced with the cultivar of low crossability, but with the highly crossable cultivar an average seed set of 65% was obtained. Significant differences in terms of seed set and weight of F1 seed were detected among the inbreds.

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Can Sexual Selection Cause Divergence in Mating System-Related Floral Traits?

10.1101/513481 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Åsa Lankinen ◽

Maria Strandh

Keyword(s):

Sexual Selection ◽

Mating System ◽

Experimental Evolution ◽

Seed Set ◽

Pollen Competition ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Mixed Mating ◽

Stigma Receptivity ◽

Source Line ◽

Outcrossing Species

AbstractPremise of the ResearchThe wide diversity of floral traits seen among plants is shaped by neutral and selective evolutionary processes. In outcrossing species, sexual selection from competing pollen donors is expected to be important for shaping mating system-related traits but empirical evidence is scarce. In a previous evaluation of experimental evolution lines crossed with either one or two pollen donors (monogamous, M, or polyandrous, P, lines) at early floral stages in mixed-mating Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae), P showed enhanced pollen competitive ability and reduced maternal seed set compared to M, in accordance with sexually antagonistic evolution of pollen. Here, we asked whether the presence of sexual selection during pollen competition affect mating system-related floral traits in the same lines.MethodologyWe compared flowering start, timing of anther-stigma contact (as an indication of timing of self-pollination), timing of stigma receptivity and first seed set between M and P, and with a source line, S (starting material). The former three traits are later in outcrossers than in selfers of Collinsia. The latter trait was expected to be earlier in P than in M because of sexual selection for early seed siring of pollen.Pivotal ResultsArtificial polyandry for four generations resulted in later flowering start and later anther-stigma contact in P compared to M, and the latter trait was intermediate in S. Thus, P appeared more ‘outcrossing’ than M. Stigma receptivity did not differ between lines. First seed set was earlier in P than in M, as expected from sexual selection.ConclusionsOur results from C. heterophylla experimental evolution lines suggest that a component of sexual selection during outcross pollination could enhance the patterns of floral divergence commonly found between outcrossers and selfers.

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Variation in Manduca sexta Pollination-Related Floral Traits and Reproduction in a Wild Tobacco Plant

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.680463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Bing ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Alexander Haverkamp ◽

Ian T. Baldwin ◽

Bill S. Hansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manduca Sexta ◽

Seed Set ◽

Tobacco Plant ◽

The Other ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Nicotiana Attenuata ◽

Pollination Syndromes ◽

Pollination Services ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Local Adaptations

Most flowering plants depend on animal pollination for successful sexual reproduction. Floral signals such as color, shape, and odor are crucial in establishing this (often mutualistic) interaction. Plant and pollinator phenotypes can vary temporally but also spatially, thus creating mosaic-like patterns of local adaptations. Here, we investigated natural variation in floral morphology, flower volatile emission, and phenology in four accessions of a self-compatible wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, to assess how these traits match the sensory perception of a known pollinator, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. These accessions differ in floral traits and also in their habitat altitudes. Based on habitat temperatures, the accession occurring at the highest altitude (California) is less likely to be visited by M. sexta, while the others (Arizona, Utah 1, and Utah 2) are known to receive M. sexta pollinations. The accessions varied significantly in flower morphologies, volatile emissions, flower opening, and phenology, traits likely important for M. sexta perception and floral handling. In wind tunnel assays, we assessed the seed set of emasculated flowers after M. sexta visitation and of natural selfed and hand-pollinated selfed flowers. After moth visitations, plants of two accessions (Arizona and Utah 2) produced more capsules than the other two, consistent with predictions that accessions co-occurring with M. sexta would benefit more from the pollination services of this moth. We quantified flower and capsule production in four accessions in a glasshouse assay without pollinators to assess the potential for self-pollination. The two Utah accessions set significantly more seeds after pollen supplementation compared with those of autonomous selfing flowers, suggesting a greater opportunistic benefit from efficient pollinators than the other two. Moreover, emasculated flowers of the accession with the most exposed stigma (Utah 2) produced the greatest seed set after M. sexta visitation. This study reveals intraspecific variation in pollination syndromes that illuminate the potential of a plant species to adapt to local pollinator communities, changing environments, and altered pollination networks.

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