scholarly journals General-Relativistic Covariance

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Dewar
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman

General relativity explains much more than the spacetime around static spherical masses.We briefly assess general relativity in the larger context of physical theories, then explore various general relativistic effects that have no Newtonian analog. First, source massmotion gives rise to gravitomagnetic effects on test particles.These effects also depend on the velocity of the test particle, which has substantial implications for orbits around black holes to be further explored in Chapter 20. Second, any changes in the sourcemass ripple outward as gravitational waves, and we tell the century‐long story from the prediction of gravitational waves to their first direct detection in 2015. Third, the deflection of light by galaxies and clusters of galaxies allows us to map the amount and distribution of mass in the universe in astonishing detail. Finally, general relativity enables modeling the universe as a whole, and we explore the resulting Big Bang cosmology.


1999 ◽  
Vol 521 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuyuki Hayashi ◽  
Yoshiharu Eriguchi ◽  
Masa‐aki Hashimoto

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vassallo

AbstractThe dynamics of general relativity is encoded in a set of ten differential equations, the so-called Einstein field equations. It is usually believed that Einstein’s equations represent a physical law describing the coupling of spacetime with material fields. However, just six of these equations actually describe the coupling mechanism: the remaining four represent a set of differential relations known as Bianchi identities. The paper discusses the physical role that the Bianchi identities play in general relativity, and investigates whether these identities—qua part of a physical law—highlight some kind of a posteriori necessity in a Kripkean sense. The inquiry shows that general relativistic physics has an interesting bearing on the debate about the metaphysics of the laws of nature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 1843-1855
Author(s):  
Antonios Nathanail ◽  
Ramandeep Gill ◽  
Oliver Porth ◽  
Christian M Fromm ◽  
Luciano Rezzolla

ABSTRACT We perform 3D general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to model the jet break-out from the ejecta expected to be produced in a binary neutron-star merger. The structure of the relativistic outflow from the 3D simulation confirms our previous results from 2D simulations, namely, that a relativistic magnetized outflow breaking out from the merger ejecta exhibits a hollow core of θcore ≈ 4°, an opening angle of θjet ≳ 10°, and is accompanied by a wind of ejected matter that will contribute to the kilonova emission. We also compute the non-thermal afterglow emission of the relativistic outflow and fit it to the panchromatic afterglow from GRB170817A, together with the superluminal motion reported from VLBI observations. In this way, we deduce an observer angle of $\theta _{\rm obs}= 35.7^{\circ \, \, +1.8}_{\phantom{\circ \, \, }-2.2}$. We further compute the afterglow emission from the ejected matter and constrain the parameter space for a scenario in which the matter responsible for the thermal kilonova emission will also lead to a non-thermal emission yet to be observed.


2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. González ◽  
Patricio S. Letelier

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORHAN DÖNMEZ

We investigate the special cases of the formation of shocks in the accretion disks around the nonrotating (Schwarzschild) black holes in cases where one or few stars perturb the disk. We model the structure of disk with a 2D fully general relativistic hydrodynamic code and investigate a variety of cases in which the stars interacting with the disk are captured at various locations. We have found the following results: (1) if the stars perturb the disk at nonsymmetric locations, a moving one-armed spiral shock wave is produced and it destroys the disk eventually; (2) if the disk is perturbed by a single star located close to the black hole, a standing shock wave is produced while the disk becomes an accretion tori; (3) if the disk is perturbed by stars at symmetric locations, moving two-armed spiral shock waves are produced while the disk reaches a steady state; (4) continuous injection of matter into the stable disk produces a standing shock wave behind the black hole. Our outcomes reinforce the view that different perturbations on the stable accretion disk carry out different types of shock waves which produce Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) phenomena in galactic black hole candidates and it is observed as a X-ray.


2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Tarafdar ◽  
Tapas K. Das

Linear perturbation of general relativistic accretion of low angular momentum hydrodynamic fluid onto a Kerr black hole leads to the formation of curved acoustic geometry embedded within the background flow. Characteristic features of such sonic geometry depend on the black hole spin. Such dependence can be probed by studying the correlation of the acoustic surface gravity [Formula: see text] with the Kerr parameter [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] relationship further gets influenced by the geometric configuration of the accretion flow structure. In this work, such influence has been studied for multitransonic shocked accretion where linear perturbation of general relativistic flow profile leads to the formation of two analogue black hole-type horizons formed at the sonic points and one analogue white hole-type horizon which is formed at the shock location producing divergent acoustic surface gravity. Dependence of the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] relationship on the geometric configuration has also been studied for monotransonic accretion, over the entire span of the Kerr parameter including retrograde flow. For accreting astrophysical black holes, the present work thus investigates how the salient features of the embedded relativistic sonic geometry may be determined not only by the background spacetime, but also by the flow configuration of the embedding matter.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document