scholarly journals Determinants of prepaid systems of healthcare financing: a worldwide country-level perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Leiter ◽  
Engelbert Theurl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level

AbstractIn this paper we examine determinants of prepaid modes of health care financing in a worldwide cross-country perspective. We use three different indicators to capture the role of prepaid modes in health care financing: (i) the share of total prepaid financing as percent of total current health expenditures, (ii) the share of voluntary prepaid financing as percent of total prepaid financing, and (iii) the share of compulsory health insurance as percent of total compulsory prepaid financing. In the econometric analysis, we refer to a panel data set comprising 154 countries and covering the time period 2000–2015. We apply a static as well as a dynamic panel data model. We find that the current structure of prepaid financing is significantly determined by its different forms in the past. The significant influence of GDP per capita, governmental revenues, the agricultural value added, development assistance for health, degree of urbanization and regulatory quality varies depending on the financing structure we look at. The share of the elderly and the education level are only of minor importance for explaining the variation in a country’s share of prepaid health care financing. The importance of the mentioned variables as determinants for prepaid health care financing also varies depending on the countries’ socio-economic development. From our analysis we conclude that more detailed information on indicators which reflect the distribution of individual characteristics (such as income, family size and structure and health risks) within a country’s population would be needed to gain deeper insight into the decisive determinants for prepaid health care financing.

scholarly journals Political Economy of Discretionary Transfers: A Dynamic Panel Data analysis of Indian States

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Nayak ◽  
. PriyabrataSatpathy
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Governments

Intergovernmental transfers are a major instrument to ensure smooth functioning of ‘Fiscal federalism’ in India. But the mechanism of Central transfers in India seems to be confusing and overlapping. Although a formula-based practice has been mandated by the Indian Constitution, there are several breaks in the practice. While predetermined formulas are used for some transfers, there is considerable discretion in allocating other classes of transfers. This paper makes an attempt to focus on the determinants that influence the quantum of discretionary transfer to sub-national governments from a political economy perspective. Taking a panel data set of 28 states for the period 2001 to 2011, and by using Arrellana-Bover (1995)/ Blundell-Bond (1998) system estimation model, the paper observes that the chosen variables do explain disparity in Central fund disbursement under non formulaic discretionary head in a robust way. The study has analysed the results separately for SCS and NSCS and in combine. The findings of the study reveal that the chosen variables have different outcomes for SCS and NSCS. However, when SCS and NSCS states are combined, the variables like fiscal capacity, fiscal performance and coalition status are found to be significant.

Equity in health care financing in Palestine: The value-added of the disaggregate approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2308-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu-Zaineh ◽  
Awad Mataria ◽  
Stéphane Luchini ◽  
Jean-Paul Moatti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Equity In Health ◽  
Equity In Health Care

Exchange rate effects on agricultural exports

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-621
Author(s):  
Rui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rate Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend empirical investigations of the relationship between real exchange rates and agricultural exports to the firm-product-country level with the use of disaggregated panel data of China’s food industry. In particular, the study aims to explore heterogeneities in the export response to real exchange rates across firms, destinations and products, as well as to differentiate responses on the intensive and extensive margins. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes a merged panel data set of firm-product-country level transaction records of China’s agricultural exports with firm-level survey data of the food industry. Panel regression models are constructed to identify empirical relationships. Findings Real appreciations are found to reduce export quantities and the probability to enter destination markets. These impacts are enhanced in 2005 when China unexpectedly depegged yuan from the USD. In addition, real appreciations in 2005 also reduced the yuan-denominated export price and increased firms’ probability to exit destination markets. Taking the exchange rate reform as a natural experiment, evidence suggests that the negative exchange rate effects on exports are robust to the endogeneity issue. Finally, heterogeneous export responses are identified with respect to firm productivities and ownerships, income levels and locations of destination markets, as well as product groups. Originality/value This paper provides first-hand evidence on how real exchange rates influence agricultural exports at the firm-product-country level. A featured contribution is that China’s exchange rate reform in 2005 is utilized to alleviate the typical concern of endogeneity. Findings may benefit policy makers, for example, by identifying firms most vulnerable to real appreciations.

Public-Sector Health Care Financing

2011 ◽  
pp. 256-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Blomqvist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Issue ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Public Sector Health

This article discusses the share of expenses that should be covered by the public plan and looks at how those revenues should be raised. It deals with a fundamental issue that must be addressed in a system where government takes a major role in health care financing. This issue is about the relative importance of the public plan and private payments as sources of funding. Another related issue is how the revenue to pay for public spending on health care should be raised. The article discusses financing through general revenue and compares it with various forms of social insurance. A related issue is the financing of health care for the elderly in a social insurance system. The third fundamental question, finally, concerns the way money should be spent. The article discusses the nature of the contracts between providers and the public plan.

scholarly journals Ten best resources for conducting financing and benefit incidence analysis in resource-poor settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Wiseman ◽  
Augustine Asante ◽  
Jennifer Price ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Wayne Irava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Benefit Incidence Analysis ◽  
Incidence Analysis

Abstract Many low- and middle-income countries are seeking to reform their health financing systems to move towards universal coverage. This typically means that financing is based on people’s ability to pay while, for service use, benefits are based on the need for health care. Financing incidence analysis (FIA) and benefit incidence analysis (BIA) are two popular tools used to assess equity in health systems financing and service use. FIA studies examine who pays for the health sector and how these contributions are distributed according to socioeconomic status (SES). BIA determines who benefits from health care spending, with recipients ranked by their relative SES. In this article, we identify 10 resources to assist researchers and policy makers seeking to undertake or interpret findings from financing and benefit incidence analyses in the health sector. The article pays particular attention to the data requirements, computations, methodological challenges and country level experiences with these types of analyses.

scholarly journals Inference on semiparametric multinomial response models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeeb Khan ◽  
Fu Ouyang ◽  
Elie Tamer
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Rates Of Convergence ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Section Data

We explore inference on regression coefficients in semiparametric multinomial response models. We consider cross‐sectional, and both static and dynamic panel settings where we focus throughout on inference under sufficient conditions for point identification. The approach to identification uses a matching insight throughout all three models coupled with variation in regressors: with cross‐section data, we match across individuals while with panel data, we match within individuals over time. Across models, we relax the Indpendence of Irrelevant Alternatives (or IIA assumption, see McFadden (1974)) and allow for arbitrary correlation in the unobservables that determine utility of various alternatives. For the cross‐sectional model, estimation is based on a localized rank objective function, analogous to that used in Abrevaya, Hausman, and Khan (2010), and presents a generalization of existing approaches. In panel data settings, rates of convergence are shown to exhibit a curse of dimensionality in the number of alternatives. The results for the dynamic panel data model generalize the work of Honoré and Kyriazidou (2000) to cover the semiparametric multinomial case. A simulation study establishes adequate finite sample properties of our new procedures. We apply our estimators to a scanner panel data set.

scholarly journals Globalization, economic freedom, and wage inequality: A panel data analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsün Yay ◽  
Hüseyin Taştan ◽  
Asuman Oktayer
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of globalization and liberalization on wage inequality using the KOF globalization index, the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) of the Fraser Institute and the Theil industrial pay inequality statistic compiled by the University of Texas Inequality Project (UTIP). Both static and dynamic fixedeffects models are estimated using a 5-year panel data set consisting of about 90 developed and developing countries for the 1970-2005 period. Estimation results from the dynamic panel data specification suggest that wage inequality has a significant and slowly changing component. The overall KOF and EFI indexes are found to be statistically insignificant in the full sample, but the results show that economic freedom is associated with more wage inequality, especially in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The estimation results from country groups indicate that more deregulation is associated with more earnings inequality in OECD countries. The results from the models with subcomponents of the EFI imply that access to sound money has a negative effect on wage inequality. A more stable price system in an economy implies a more equal wage distribution in emerging markets (EM), non-OECD countries, and European Union (EU).

Problems in Oral Health Care Financing for the Elderly

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Meskin ◽  
Lynn D. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Oral Health Care

Measuring Health Outcomes for Older People Using the Sage Database

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gambassi ◽  
Kate L. Lapane ◽  
Antonio Sgadari ◽  
Francesco Landi ◽  
Vincent Mor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Health Care Financing Administration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vie Quotidienne ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Base De Données

RÉSUMÉCet article cherche à établir le potentiel d'évaluation des programmes d'une base de données sur les soins de longue durée dans la communauté. Les données proviennent d'un projet-pilote sur la qualité et la clientèle du Health Care Financing Administration, incluant tous les établissements couverts par Medicare/ Medicaid de cinq états américains entre 1992 et 1994. À l'aide du Minimum Data Set, 70 000 résidents de plus de 65 ans souffrant d'insuffisance cardiaque globale ont été identifiés. L'analyse préliminaire de la pharmacothérapie de l'insuffisance cardiaque globale et de ses effets sur le déclin des fonctions physiques est présentée. L'état des fonctions physiques, mesuré par le taux de déclin des activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne des patients qui suivent une thérapie combinée s'améliore par rapport à ceux qui prennent seulement de la digoxine ou des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme convertissant l'angiotensine. La disponibilité d'un ensemble de donnees sur la population fournit done une méthode d'évaluation des politiques et des pratiques courantes.

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