Biodegradable deep-eutectic mixtures as electrolytes for the electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers

Background: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a new generation of ionic liquids which are widely promoted as “green solvents”. They are gaining widespread application in materials chemistry and electrochemistry. DESs are defined as eutectic mixtures of quaternary ammonium salt with a hydrogen bond donor in certain molar ratios. Their use as solvents for electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers could influence the polymer properties and reduce their economic cost. Objective: This review presents the most recent results regarding the electropolymerization of common conductive polymers involving choline chloride based ionic liquids. New findings from our laboratory on the electrochemical growth of conductive polymers are also discussed. Methods: The electrochemical polymerization mechanisms during synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using various formulations of DESs are reviewed, as well as their characteristics, mainly from surface morphology view point. Results: Some general information related to the preparation and characterization of DESs is also presented, followed by an overview of the recent advances in the field of electropolymerization using DESs. Conclusion: Electropolymerization of conducting polymers involving DESs represents an attractive route of synthesis due to their compositional flexibility which makes possible the preparation of unlimited formulations further influencing the polymer morphology and properties. The use of these inexpensive eutectic mixtures has a large potential to contribute to the development of more sustainable technological processes meeting many of the required features characteristic to the green chemistry.

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Electrochemical synthesis, characterisation and comparative study of new conducting polymers from amino-substituted naphthalene sulfonic acids

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10008-016-3338-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 2969-2979 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alemnew Geto ◽

Christopher M. A. Brett

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Synthesis ◽

Sulfonic Acids

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Electrochemical synthesis and characterisation of polythiophene conducting polymers functionalised by metal-containing porphyrin residue

Synthetic Metals ◽

10.1016/s0379-6779(00)00259-9 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B Ballarin ◽

R Seeber ◽

L Tassi ◽

D Tonelli

Keyword(s):

Conducting Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Synthesis

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Functional Characterisations of Hybrid Nanocomposite Films Based on Polyaniline and Carbon Nanotubes

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.79.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Federica de Riccardis ◽

V. Martina ◽

Daniela Carbone ◽

Paolo Rotolo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Electrochemical Deposition ◽

Electrophoretic Deposition ◽

Electrochemical Synthesis ◽

Conductive Polymers ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽

Touch Screens

The combination of nanoparticles and conducting polymers, known as hybrid conducting nanocomposites, is a new emerging field. The combination of conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), with conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has already shown some synergistic properties. As a consequence, they have a variety of applications, such as sensors, actuators, touch screens, etc.. Usually PANI and CNTs are combined by using electrochemical synthesis starting with the monomer aniline. In this work PANI-CNTs nanocomposite films were obtained by using different combinations of two methods, Electrochemical Deposition (ELD) and Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD). The samples prepared by using these combined methods were compared with the material prepared by the usual electrochemical synthesis. Therefore, all the films so prepared were characterised and their electrochemical properties were investigated, particularly for evaluating their use as supercapacitor components.

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