scholarly journals Identification of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) Subgroups with Distinct Trajectories on Ultimate Outcomes in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Keles ◽  
Knut Taraldsen ◽  
Asgeir Røyrhus Olseth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Growth Analyses ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe effect of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) treatment for serious behavior problems among adolescents has been established through multiple studies. However, variations across individuals should also be examined to better understand how MST works or for whom. In this study, we explored and identified subgroups of youth with serious problems in Norway regarding their responses to MST in terms of ultimate MST outcomes (e.g., living at home, abstaining from violence) over time. We further explored whether immigrant background, in addition to gender and age of the youth at intake, predicted belonging to the subgroups. Data came from 1674 adolescents (MeanAge = 14.55, SDAge = 1.58; 60.7% boys) and their families referred to MST treatment by the municipal Child Welfare Services for serious and persistent antisocial behavior. The outcomes were assessed at five time-points from intake to 18-months after discharge for youth and families who completed the treatment. Latent class growth analyses revealed heterogeneous trajectories regarding youths’ responses to MST. Results indicated a high and sustained degree of improvement across the ultimate outcomes for the vast majority of the youths. However, there was still variation in the groups, with improvement and deterioration trajectories for various outcomes. Most of these trajectories were predicted by gender and youth’s age at intake, but not by immigrant status. Not every youth-at-risk responds similarly to MST, and more studies examining heterogeneity will help us to identify factors to be targeted to better tailor the MST interventions for youth with serious problems.

scholarly journals Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling using R: A tutorial for two R-packages and a comparison with Mplus.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas J Wardenaar
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Model Configuration ◽  
R Packages ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Growth Analyses

Latent Class Growth Analyses (LCGA) and Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) analyses are used to explain between-subject heterogeneity in growth on an outcome, by identifying latent classes with different growth trajectories. Dedicated software packages are available to estimate these models, with Mplus (Muthén & Muthén, 2019) being widely used . Although this and other available commercial software packages are of good quality, very flexible and rich in options, they can be costly and fit poorly into the analytical workflow of researchers that increasingly depend on the open-source R-platform. Interestingly, although plenty of R-packages to conduct mixture analyses are available, there is little documentation on how to conduct LCGA/GMM in R. Therefore, the current paper aims to provide applied researchers with a tutorial and coding examples for conducting LCGA and GMM in R. Furthermore, it will be evaluated how results obtained with R and the modeling approaches (e.g., default settings, model configuration) of the used R-packages compare to each other and to Mplus.

scholarly journals The course of social media use problems in secondary school adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Boer ◽  
gonneke stevens ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer ◽  
Regina van den Eijnden
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latent Class Growth

Little is known about how addiction-like social media use (SMU) problems evolve over time. Using four waves of longitudinal data collected in 2015-2019 from 1,414 adolescents (Mage = 12.5, 46.0% girl, 21.9% immigrant background), this study aimed to identify adolescents’ trajectories of SMU problems in parallel with their trajectories of SMU intensity. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups with persistently high levels of SMU problems, of which one with high (24.7%) and one with average SMU intensity (14.8%), and two subgroups with persistently low levels of SMU problems, of which one with low (22.3%) and one with high SMU intensity (38.2%). Compared to the largest subgroup, the two subgroups with high levels of SMU problems showed more problematic profiles.

Trajectories of Leisure Activity and Disability in Older Adults Over 11 Years in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei Yu ◽  
Tung-liang Chiang ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Ya-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Over Time

We aimed to identify leisure activity (LA) trajectories and examined the association among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and the later disability among older Taiwanese adults. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging Survey for the years 1996-2007 ( N = 3,186). LA trajectories were identified by using latent class growth curve modeling. Regression analyses were applied to predict the relationships among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and disability. Four LA trajectories—consistent high, consistent low, increasing, and decreasing—were identified. Lower depressive symptom was related to consistently active in LAs. Younger age and fewer comorbidities were related to develop an increasing LA trajectory. Participants in the consistent-high or increasing LA trajectories were more likely to be functionally independent, but those in the decreasing LA subgroup were more at risk of developing disability. The findings suggested that long-term changes in LA over time have benefits on physical health in older population.

scholarly journals Allostatic Load and Exposure Histories of Disadvantage

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7222
Author(s):  
Lucy Prior
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Structural Social Capital ◽  
Stressful Environments ◽  
Over Time

The stress pathway posits that those in disadvantaged circumstances are exposed to a higher degree of stressful experiences over time resulting in an accumulated biological burden which subsequently relates to poorer health. Trajectories of disadvantage, in the form of neighbourhood deprivation and structural social capital, are evaluated in their relation to allostatic load representing the cumulative “wear and tear” of chronic stress. This paper uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society in a latent class growth analysis. We identify groups of exposure trajectories over time using these classes to predict allostatic load at the final wave. The results show that persistent exposure to higher deprivation is related to worse allostatic load. High structural social capital over time relates to lower allostatic load, in line with a stress buffering effect, though this relationship is not robust to controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics. By demonstrating a gradient in allostatic load by histories of deprivation, this analysis supports a biological embedding of disadvantage through chronic exposure to stressful environments as an explanation for social health inequalities.

Police Productivity and Performance Over the Career Course: A Latent Class Growth Analysis of the First 10 Years of Law Enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-367
Author(s):  
Jillian S. Desmond ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
James Frank ◽  
Charles F. Klahm IV ◽  
Billy Henson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
Career Course ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Growth Analyses

The present research investigates the productivity and performance of a large sample of police officers, beginning in the police academy and through their first 10 years of policing. Using longitudinal data and latent class growth analyses, we examine measures of productivity and performance over this time. Findings indicate that officers’ academy performance did not influence officer trajectories, but selected demographic variables were significantly related to performance across the career course. Among these, female and non-White officers were consistently rated lower in their performance evaluations. Overall, results suggest that factors predicting productivity and performance are dynamic, and there is no single combination of characteristics that predicts who will be a “good” officer.

scholarly journals Bullying and Victimization Trajectories in the First Years of Secondary Education: Implications for Status and Affection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsje de Vries ◽  
Tessa M. L. Kaufman ◽  
René Veenstra ◽  
Lydia Laninga-Wijnen ◽  
Gijs Huitsing
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Social Position ◽  
New School ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBullying is known to be associated with social status, but it remains unclear how bullying involvement over time relates to social position (status and affection), especially in the first years at a new school. The aim of this study was to investigate whether (the development of) bullying and victimization was related to the attainment of status (perceived popularity) and affection (friendships, acceptance, rejection) in the first years of secondary education (six waves). Using longitudinal data spanning the first- and second year of secondary education of 824 adolescents (51.5% girls; Mage T1 = 12.54, SD = 0.45) in the SNARE-study, joint bullying and victimization trajectories were estimated using parallel Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA). The four trajectories (decreasing bully, stable high bully, decreasing victim, uninvolved) were related to adolescents’ social position using multigroup analysis that examined differences in slope and intercepts (T1 and T6) of social positions, and indicated that the relative social position of the different joint trajectories was determined at the start of secondary education and did not change over time, with one exception: adolescents continuing bullying were besides being popular also increasingly rejected over time. Although bullying is functional behavior that serves to optimize adolescents’ social position, anti-bullying interventions may account for the increasing lack of affection that may hinder bullies’ long-term social development.

scholarly journals Trajectories of emotional symptoms in adolescence: impact on alcohol use

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Elizabeth Birrell ◽  
Nicola Clare Newton ◽  
Lexine Stapinski ◽  
Katrina Prior ◽  
Katrina Elizabeth Champion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Growth Analyses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how different trajectories of emotional symptoms relate to alcohol use in adolescence. Design/methodology/approach In all, 431 participants (majority female), aged approximately 13 years at baseline were followed over three years and reported on their emotional symptoms and alcohol use. Latent class growth analyses explored different trajectories of emotional symptoms and regression models were run to relate these trajectories to alcohol use (full standard drink, and binge drinking) at 36-month follow-up (age 16 years). Findings While the majority of adolescents were best characterised by low-stable emotional symptoms, those with high-stable symptoms were more likely to be have consumed a full standard drink of alcohol and binge drunk when aged 16 years. Research limitations/implications Findings highlight the importance of prevention and early intervention, particularly targeting adolescents with elevated stable emotional symptoms who were more likely to be using alcohol at 16 years of age. Originality/value The present study is one of the first longitudinal investigations into the use of alcohol by community adolescents with different emotional symptom trajectories.

scholarly journals Domestic responsibilities as predictors of labour market attachment trajectories in men and women

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 536-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Peutere ◽  
Päivi Rautava ◽  
Pekka Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Growth Analyses ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analyses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether high responsibility for housework or childcare is related to weak labour market attachment. Design/methodology/approach Survey data on domestic responsibilities in 1998 and 2003 were linked to register data on respondents’ employment spells for 2004-2011. Effects of the responsibilities on labour market trajectories – identified with latent class growth analyses – were analysed with multinomial logistic regression analyses. Findings Four trajectories for labour market attachment were identified among both genders. When adjusted for prior labour market attachment and other control variables, a high responsibility for housework predicted weak labour market attachment, compared to the trajectory of strong attachment, only among men. Compared to the trajectory of strengthening attachment, a high responsibility for housework was related to weak attachment among both men and women. Research limitations/implications Personal orientations may, to some extent, explain both the division on domestic responsibilities and attachment to the labour market. In the Finnish type of welfare state, domestic responsibilities have long-term effects, especially on men’s careers. More attention should be given to men’s roles in families and their possible consequences. Originality/value This is the first study analysing the division of domestic responsibilities on later labour market attachment among both genders. The strength of this study is the long follow-up time and methodology; it combines survey data at two time points and register data on employment spells over eight years, identifying patterns in employment with latent class growth analyses.

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