Aspects of the history of the military band in the cultural area of the Republic of Moldova

The military marching band is an imposing but also prestigious artistic present in the national and international musical landscape. Having a rich and old tradition, it continues to play an important role in the cultural life, asserting itself as a mechanism for promoting national and universal musical heritage and as an effective means of ethical and aesthetic education of the military and the general public. Often, famous works from the universal repertoire are more easily assimilated by the average spectator through fanfares. In this article, we will refer to some aspects of the history of the phenomenon. After 1990, with the postponement of the independence of the Republic of Moldova, military structures, internal affairs bodies, institutions for training specialists in the field, such as the Police Academy, etc. are created. As a result, military band orchestras are established and invigorated. One of them, which enjoys success and shows high professionalism, is the Band Orchestra of the General Inspectorate of Carabineers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

ECOCRIMINOLOGY IN POLAND AND AROUND THE WORLD — A BALANCE SHEET OF PAST EXPERIENCE (WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH OFFER OF THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO)

Ecocriminology is one of the youngest research interests in the penal sciences. It is lectured in many renowned universities around the world, and since 2019, also in the Police Academy in Szczytno. The author presents the achievements in this fi eld, indicating its practical usefulness for law enforcement agencies, in particular in identifying organised forms of economic crime. These forms include smuggling and illegal trade in protected species of fl ora and fauna (so-called CITES crimes), smuggling and illegal trade in wastes, seizure of properties of particular value to the world’s natural heritage, land, water and air pollution, corruption, etc. The study has been enriched with a research part, in which the author presents the opinions of students—police offi cers of the Police Academy—on the educational activities in ecocriminology.

EXPERIENCE OF THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO IN TRAINING LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES INVOLVED IN PREVENTING AND COMBATTING HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Organised crime, including human traffi cking, is one of the most serious crimes against persons and violations of human rights. Human trafficking is a complex illegal business and, in most cases, involves activities undertaken by international organised crime gangs. Human traffi cking combines aspects of human life in terms of limitating freedom to enjoy it. This publication intends to standardise the existing theories and defi nitions and to collect and systematise the knowledge of the experience of the Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human traffi cking. The study presents a number of activities undertaken since 2006 by the Academy, whose aim has been to provide training for the relevant services responsible for combatting transnational organised crime, and for preventing and combatting human traffi cking.

FORENSIC TECHNIQUES AT THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO AFTER 1990

In 2020, it has been thirty years since the Police Academy in Szczytno was established. The article discusses how, over these years, forensic techniques have been taught through the prism of individuals, types of training courses, number of teaching hours, conferences, symposia, publications, research projects and coursebooks. The text has been prepared based on an analysis of the available printed and online publications as well as on interviews with former and current employees of the Police Academy in Szczytno. The research question to be answered is whether the process of teaching forensic techniques has changed over the last 30 years.

Evaluation of E- cadherin and Hydrogen Peroxide in Skin of Patients with Vitiligo

Background Vitiligo is acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by destruction of the epidermal melanocytes leading to the loss of the skin color. Oxidative stress has a major role in the aetiopathogenesis and in melanocytic destruction due to its accumulation in the melanocytes and the hazardous effects to all compartments of the cell. Objective The aim of the work was to evaluate the level of E-cadherin and H2O2 level in vitiligo versus controls. Subjects This is a case control study which was carried out at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology,New Cairo Police Academy Hospital on 20 Subjects were divided into two groups, Group I included 10 patients having non segemental vitiligo. Group II included 10 non vitilignous controls were included in the study. Results We found that H2O2 level is increased in NSV patients when compared with healthy individuals. While E-cadherin level is significantly decreased in vitiligo skin compared to normal skin. Conclusion As compared to controls, increased H2O2 levels levels were suggestive of oxidative stress in patients of vitiligo in our study. From our results we can conclude that vitiligo is not a disease confined to melanocytes only, keratinocytes also showed certain pathological changes in vitiliginous lesions. As functional and structural units with melanocytes, keratinocytes in depigmented epidermis may constitute a different microenvironment compared to those in normally pigmented epidermis. These differences include obvious loss of cell to cell adhesion between keratinocytes and melanocytes and between keratinocytes and each other, which in turn may affect the pigmentary system of the skin.

On the functioning of the «System of emergency assistance to the population on a single telephone number 112»: foreign experience and opportunities for its use in Ukraine.

The article analyzes the positive foreign experience of the emergency assistance system to the single telephone number 112. It has been established that the main purpose of implementing the system of emergency assistance to the single telephone number 112 in Ukraine is to provide timely assistance to European level with the ability to communicate in foreign languages, prompt involvement of necessary emergency services, which is a decisive factor in providing assistance, emergency response. The study examines the structure of emergency response centers and their main powers. The main function of any emergency response center is to receive calls to the emergency number 112 and to refer the relevant units to assist the applicant or other persons who find themselves in an emergency. The functions of regional centers also include providing information to the public on issues that are not classified as emergency. The article also considers the issues of training employees who receive calls to the single emergency number 112, their interaction with each other during the performance of duties at emergency response centers, as well as their interaction with employees who directly provide assistance to scene. It is established that the training of operators who organize the rescue operation is carried out at the police academy. An appropriate operator training center has been set up for their training at the academy. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the use of positive foreign experience allows to quickly and effectively achieve international standards of emergency care.

Police Academy in Szczytno, Poland

Traffic accidents are a very common cause of death or disability in people. They usually involve users of various vehicles on the road or pedestrians. They are also among the main problems of public health in Poland. Accidents cause many human tragedies every year. Every day, many people die on Polish roads for many different reasons. The motorcycle season tends to change its time-frame from year to year, taking the form of a year-round. Recklessness, non-compliance with road rules, excessive speed, bad weather conditions and mistakes made by car drivers cause many traffic accidents that involve motorcyclists. They result in severe multi-organ trauma or instant death of the victims. Modern technologies designed to improve the safety of motorcycles as well as the protections used in helmets and protective clothing are helpless in the face of traffic accident mechanisms. The author analyzed the data obtained from the Police Headquarters Road Traffic Department, showing the number of road incidents involving motorcyclists in 2019. The material shows the scale of accidents broken down into causes, number of road incidents in individual months and age of the perpetrators. The references to data from previous years show the problem of accidents on Polish roads and the position of Poland in the European statistics as a country with a high percentage of fatalities in traffic accidents.

EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DURING POLICE ACTIONS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON THE SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING SIMULATION TRAINING IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

The main aim of the article is to present the results of the surveys conducted among the graduates of the specialist course for police operations commanders at the Police Academy in Szczytno, who participated in the course in 2014–2020. The course uses a tool of modern technology in the form of a simulator of Police operations in crisis situations. The essence of the research was, therefore, to verify the impact of simulation training as part of a specialist course for commanders of police actions and operations on the real scope and manner of tasks performed by its graduates, i.e. on commanding actual police activities to ensure and maintain public safety and order during mass events, in including sports events, public gatherings and celebrations, and other collective disturbances of public order. It should be emphasised that due to the often signifi cant lapse of time after the end of the course, the respondents formulated their opinions based on subsequent experiences and analysis of actual facts, in the context of knowledge and skills acquired during the training.

PREPARATION OF POLICE OFFICERS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHOOTING TRAINING

Armed forces are characterised, among other things, by an extensive process of preparing offi cers to carry out the tasks imposed. Training, and then in-service training in the police, is based primarily on the experience and expertise of those responsible for it. A signifi cant role among police teachers is played by instructors, including police shooting instructors. The article describes the process of acquiring the authority to teach the indicated classes with police offi cers. Additionally, on the basis of evaluation research conducted at the Police Academy in Szczytno, taking into consideration such elements as course program evaluation, acquired knowledge and practical skills, the level of adaptation of the content of specialist course for police shooting instructors to the needs of course participants has been established.