Elucidating the symbiotic interactions between a locally isolated microalga Chlorella vulgaris and its co-occurring bacterium Rhizobium sp. in synthetic municipal wastewater

Abstract Phycoremediation is the use of algae for the removal or biotrans-formation of pollutants from wastewater. The study is a novel at-tempt to integrate nutrient (N and P) removal and some heavy met-als (iron, manganese and zinc) bioaccumulation from municipal wastewater using two microalgae species: Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The Chlorella vulgaris showed higher re-moval of total nitrogen (TN) both in influent and effluent waste water than Scenedesmus armatus. Nevertheless, more than 51% of total phosphorus (TP) in effluent and 36% in influent wastewaters were removed by Scenedesmus armatus. More efficient microalga in heavy metal removal in influent wastewater was Scenedesmus armatus. The results showed that Chlorella vulgaris was appropriate for TN removal and bioaccumulation of heavy metals from effluent wastewater. Nevertheless, Scenedesmus armatus was highly pref-erable for heavy metals removal from influent wastewater.

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Lipid production in mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a mixture of primary and secondary municipal wastewater

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 502-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Atefeh Ebrahimian ◽

Hamid-Reza Kariminia ◽

Manouchehr Vosoughi

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Mixotrophic Cultivation

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Synthesis of the Flavonoid-Induced Lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium Sp. Strain NGR234 Requires Rhamnosyl Transferases Encoded by Genes rgpF and wbgA

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-11-0143 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1513-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Silvia Ardissone ◽

K. Dale Noel ◽

Mitchell Klement ◽

William J. Broughton ◽

William J. Deakin

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Wild Type ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Leguminous Plants ◽

Glycosyl Transferase ◽

The Core ◽

O Antigen ◽

Symbiotic Interactions ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Rhizobium Sp

In the presence of flavonoids, Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 synthesizes a new lipopolysaccharide (LPS), characterized by a rhamnan O-antigen. The presence of this rhamnose-rich LPS is important for the establishment of competent symbiotic interactions between NGR234 and many species of leguminous plants. Two putative rhamnosyl transferases are encoded in a cluster of genes previously shown to be necessary for the synthesis of the rhamnose-rich LPS. These two genes, wbgA and rgpF, were mutated. The resulting mutant strains synthesized truncated rough LPS species rather than the wild-type rhamnose-rich LPS when grown with flavonoids. Based on the compositions of these purified mutant LPS species, we inferred that RgpF is responsible for adding the first one to three rhamnose residues to the flavonoid-induced LPS, whereas WbgA is necessary for the synthesis of the rest of the rhamnan O-antigen. The NGR234 homologue of lpsB, which, in other bacteria, encodes a glycosyl transferase acting early in synthesis of the core portion of LPS, was identified and also mutated. LpsB was required for all the LPS species produced by NGR234, in the presence or absence of flavonoids. Mutants (i.e., of lpsB and rgpF) that lacked any portion of the rhamnan O-antigen of the induced LPS were severely affected in their symbiotic interaction with Vigna unguiculata, whereas the NGRΩwbgA mutant, although having very few rhamnose residues in its LPS, was able to elicit functional nodules.

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Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2207

Author(s):

Diana Pacheco ◽

A. Cristina S. Rocha ◽

Analie Garcia ◽

Ana Bóia ◽

Leonel Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Run Off

The need to reduce the costs associated with microalgae cultivation encouraged scientific research into coupling this process with wastewater treatment. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the growth of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) in different effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), namely secondary effluent (SE) and sludge run-off (SR). Assays were performed, under the same conditions, in triplicate with 4 dilution ratios of the wastewaters (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with the standard culture medium bold basal medium double nitrated (BBM2N) as a control. The capability of C. vulgaris for biomass production, chlorophyll synthesis and nutrients removal in the SE and SR was evaluated. The 25% SE and 25% SR showed increased specific growth rates (0.47 and 0.55 day−1, respectively) and higher biomass yields (8.64 × 107 and 1.95 × 107 cells/mL, respectively). Regarding the chlorophyll content, the 100% SR promoted the highest concentration of this pigment (2378 µg/L). This green microalga was also able to remove 94.8% of total phosphorus of SE, while in 50% SR, 31.2% was removed. Removal of 73.9% and 65.9% of total nitrogen in 50% and 100% SR, respectively, was also observed. C. vulgaris growth can, therefore, be maximized with the addition of municipal effluents, to optimize biomass production, while cleansing the effluents.

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Reducing the Pollutants from Municipal Wastewater by Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal ◽

10.22153/kej.2019.09.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 97-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Massara Mustafa Ha Hammad ◽

Khalid W. Hameed ◽

Hussein A. Sabti

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

The Other ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Maximum Reduction

In the present work, the pollutants of the municipal wastewater are reduced using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The pollutants that were treated are: Total organic carbon (TOC), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3), and Phosphate (PO4). Firstly, the treatment was achieved at atmospheric conditions (Temperature = 25oC), pH 7 with time (1 – 48 h). To study the effect of other microorganisms on the reduction of pollutants, sterilized wastewater and unsterilized wastewater were used for two types of packing (cylindrical plastic and cubic polystyrene) as well as algae's broth (without packing), where the microalgae are grown on the packing then transported to the wastewater for treatment. The results showed that the other microorganism in unsterilized wastewater can slightly contribute in the treatment. Packing of cylindrical plastic is more effective than the cubic polystyrene, and microalgae's broth gives better results than the two types of packing. The treatment in the first hours was performed quickly while in the last hours, it was very slow. Then, the following parameters in the range of (temperature: 20 – 35o) pH (5 – 8), volume ratio of wastewater to microalgae's broth (1 – 2.5) were studied for sterilized wastewater and constant treatment time equal to 48 h. The results showed that the maximum reduction of pollutants are: TOC = 92.3%, NO3 = 65.2%, PO4 = 93.2% at T = 35oC, pH 8, and (wastewater/algae broth) ratio = 1, and COD = 85.6% at T = 30oC, pH 7, and (wastewater/ algae broth) ratio = 1. The temperature and pH have little effect on the reduction of pollutants compared with the wastewater/algae broth ratio. The adsorption isotherm for pollutant was also studied for three types of isotherm; linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir. The results showed that the treated pollutants are the Langmiur adsorption isotherm.

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Treatment of polluted municipal wastewater in Tashkent

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126401052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 01052

Author(s):

Malokhat Abduqodirova ◽

Bohodirkhodja Ismoilkhodjayev

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Water Plant ◽

Water Treatment Station

This article presents the results of a comparative study of the method of biological treatment using aquatic plants and algae to improve the technology of treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater treatment plants formed in urban areas. According to test results, 5 species of aquatic plants and 2 strains of algae tested, pistachio and eucalyptus species, and strains of Chlorella vulgaris UA-1-6 were found to be resistant to domestic wastewater. This water plant laripistiya and eichorniya species grow well in different wastewater concentrations (25%, 50%, 100%) in the 100%. Both water treatment stations have a high yield and treatment levels. It was observed that it reached 90% at the "Binokor" water treatment station and the water treatment station "Salar" - 82-86%. This is because the amount of harmful substances in the wastewater of the "Salar" water treatment station is 5 times higher than the number of pollutants in the water treatment station "Binokor". It should be noted that the results of wastewater treatment works at 2 water treatment plants showed that the type of pistachio plant is more resistant to wastewater than the type of eucalyptus, and the level of treatment is also high. Therefore, in the experiment at the "Salar" water treatment station, we found it necessary to use the pistachio water plant itself. At this wastewater treatment station, wastewater treatment reached an average of 84%, and to increase the treatment efficiency, we grew Chlorella vulgaris in the second treatment stage and found that the treatment efficiency was 90-92%. This means that the treatment of wastewater in each treatment station requires the development of biological treatment technology following it.

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